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P2 2023 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Figure 2 shows a sketch of

  • the circle CC with centre X(4,−3)X(4, -3)
  • the line ll with equation y=52x−552y = \dfrac{5}{2}x - \dfrac{55}{2}

Given that ll is the tangent to CC at the point NN,

(a) show that an equation for the straight line passing through XX and NN is 2x+5y+7=02x + 5y + 7 = 0.

(3)

(b) Hence find

(i) the coordinates of NN,

(ii) an equation for CC.

(5)
题目中文翻译

图2显示了以下图形的草图:

  • 圆 CC,圆心为 X(4,−3)X(4, -3)
  • 直线 ll,方程为 y=52x−552y = \dfrac{5}{2}x - \dfrac{55}{2}

已知 ll 是 CC 在点 NN 处的切线,

(a) 证明过 XX 和 NN 的直线方程为 2x+5y+7=02x + 5y + 7 = 0。

(3分)

(b) 由此求

(i) NN 的坐标,

(ii) CC 的方程。

(5分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

切线与半径垂直。由切线斜率 52\dfrac{5}{2} 得到半径斜率 −25-\dfrac{2}{5},再用圆心坐标写点斜式。

答题过程

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The gradient of ll is 52\dfrac{5}{2}. Since the radius XNXN is perpendicular to the tangent at NN, its gradient is −25-\dfrac{2}{5}.

Using X(4,−3)X(4,-3):

y+3= −25(x−4)5y+15= −2x+82x+5y+7= 0.\begin{align*} y+3 =&\, -\frac{2}{5}(x-4)\\ 5y+15 =&\, -2x+8\\ 2x+5y+7 =&\, 0. \end{align*}

Hence an equation of XNXN is

2x+5y+7=0.\boxed{2x+5y+7=0}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

利用 (a),联立半径直线与题给切线,求它们的交点 NN。

答题过程

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From part (a), solve 2x+5y+7=02x+5y+7=0 with y=52x−552y=\dfrac{5}{2}x-\dfrac{55}{2}:

2x+5(52x−552)+7= 04x+25x−275+14= 029x−261= 0x= 9.\begin{align*} 2x+5\bigg(\frac{5}{2}x-\frac{55}{2}\bigg)+7 =&\, 0\\ 4x+25x-275+14 =&\, 0\\ 29x-261 =&\, 0\\ x =&\, 9. \end{align*}

Then

y=52×9−552=−5.y=\frac{5}{2}\times9-\frac{55}{2}=-5.

Therefore

N=(9,−5).\boxed{N=(9,-5)}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

用圆心 XX 与圆上点 NN 求半径平方,代入圆的标准方程。

答题过程

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The centre is X(4,−3)X(4,-3) and N=(9,−5)N=(9,-5) lies on the circle. Hence

r2= (9−4)2+(−5+3)2= 25+4=29.\begin{align*} r^2 =&\, (9-4)^2+(-5+3)^2\\ =&\,25+4=29. \end{align*}

Therefore

(x−4)2+(y+3)2=29.\boxed{(x-4)^2+(y+3)^2=29}.

解法二

思路

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也可从圆的一般方程入手:圆心先确定一次项系数,再代入圆上点 NN 求常数项。

答题过程

展开

Write the circle as

x2+y2+Dx+Ey+F=0.x^2+y^2+Dx+Ey+F=0.

Its centre is (−D2,−E2)=(4,−3)\big(-\dfrac{D}{2},-\dfrac{E}{2}\big)=(4,-3), so D=−8D=-8 and E=6E=6.

Substituting N=(9,−5)N=(9,-5):

81+25−72−30+F= 04+F= 0F= −4.\begin{align*} 81+25-72-30+F =&\,0\\ 4+F =&\,0\\ F =&\,-4. \end{align*}

Thus

x2+y2−8x+6y−4=0.\boxed{x^2+y^2-8x+6y-4=0}.

Completing the squares gives the equivalent form

(x−4)2+(y+3)2=29.(x-4)^2+(y+3)^2=29.