题目
Problem
In a large theatre there are n rows of seats, where n is a constant.
The number of seats in the first row is a, where a is a constant.
In each subsequent row there are 4 more seats than in the previous row so that
- in the 2nd row there are (a+4) seats
- in the 3rd row there are (a+8) seats
- the number of seats in each row form an arithmetic sequence
Given that the total number of seats in the first 10 rows is 360,
(a) find the value of a.
(2)
Given also that the total number of seats in the n rows is 2146,
(b) show that n2+8n−1073=0.
(2)
(c) Hence
(i) state the number of rows of seats in the theatre,
(ii) find the maximum number of seats in any one row.
(3)
题目中文翻译
一个大剧院有 n 排座位,其中 n 是常数。
第一排有 a 个座位,其中 a 是常数。
每一排比前一排多4个座位,因此:
- 第2排有 (a+4) 个座位
- 第3排有 (a+8) 个座位
- 每排的座位数构成等差数列
已知前10排的总座位数为360,
(a) 求 a 的值。
(2分)
又已知 n 排的总座位数为2146,
(b) 证明 n2+8n−1073=0。
(2分)
(c) 由此
(i) 求剧院的排数,
(ii) 求任一排的最大座位数。
(3分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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首项为 a,公差为 4,把前十项和代入等差数列求和公式。
答题过程
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The total number of seats in the first 10 rows is 360. Using the sum formula with d=4:
S10=360=72=2a=a=210[2a+9×4]5[2a+36]2a+363618
a=18
也可把首项与公差部分分别求和:
360==a=10a+4(0+1+⋯+9)10a+18018.
(b)
解法一
思路
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用 (a) 的 a=18 代入前 n 项和,并整理。
答题过程
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The total number of seats in n rows is 2146:
Sn=2146=2146=2146=2146=2n2+16n−2146=n2+8n−1073=2n[2×18+(n−1)×4]2n[36+4n−4]2n[4n+32]n(2n+16)2n2+16n00
n2+8n−1073=0
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
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求解 (b) 的二次式,舍去负数根,因为排数为正。
答题过程
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Solving n2+8n−1073=0:
n==2−8±43562−8±66
Taking the positive value: n=258=29
n=29
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
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公差为正,最后一排座位最多;计算第 29 项。
答题过程
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Since the common difference is 4>0, the last row has the most seats.
The number of seats in the nth row:
a29===18+(29−1)×418+112130
130 seats
也可用首末项和公式。设末排座位数为 L:
2146=18+L=L=229(18+L)148130.