题目
Problem
f(x)=ax3+3x2−8x+2 where a is a constant
Given that when f(x) is divided by (x−2) the remainder is 3, find the value of a.
(3)
题目中文翻译
f(x)=ax3+3x2−8x+2,其中 a 为常数。
已知 f(x) 除以 (x−2) 的余数为 3,求 a 的值。
(3分)
解答
解法一
思路
展开
除以 x−2 的余数就是 f(2)。题目说余数是 3,所以直接令 f(2)=3。
答题过程
展开
By the remainder theorem,
f(2)=a(2)3+3(2)2−8(2)+2=8a+12−16+2=8a−2=8a=a=3333585.
Therefore,
a=85.
解法二
思路
展开
也可以把余数条件改写成:f(x)−3 被 x−2 整除。这样 x=2 是 f(x)−3 的根,代入后同样得到 a。
答题过程
展开
Since the remainder is 3, the expression f(x)−3 is divisible by (x−2).
So x=2 is a root of f(x)−3:
f(2)−3=(a(2)3+3(2)2−8(2)+2)−3=8a+12−16+2−3=8a−5=a=000085.
解法三
思路
展开
通过待定系数法(inspection)。如果 f(x)−3 能被 x−2 整除,可设商式为二次多项式 ax2+px+q。对比常数项可以快速求出 q,再通过一次项与二次项系数求出 a。
答题过程
展开
Since f(x)−3 is divisible by (x−2), we can write:
f(x)−3=(x−2)(ax2+px+q)
Substitute f(x)=ax3+3x2−8x+2:
=ax3+3x2−8x−1ax3+(p−2a)x2+(q−2p)x−2q
Comparing the constant terms on both sides:
−2q=−1⟹q=21
Comparing the coefficients of x2:
p−2a=3⟹p=2a+3
Comparing the coefficients of x:
q−2p=21−2(2a+3)=21−4a−6=−4a=a=−8−8−8−2.585.
Therefore, the value of a is 85.
解法四
思路
展开
直接长除以 x−2,依次求出三个商项,最后把余数设为 3。
答题过程
展开
Subtract ax2(x−2) first:
f(x)−ax2(x−2)=(3+2a)x2−8x+2.
Subtract (3+2a)x(x−2) next:
=(3+2a)x2−8x+2−(3+2a)x(x−2)(4a−2)x+2.
Finally subtract (4a−2)(x−2):
=(4a−2)x+2−(4a−2)(x−2)8a−2.
The remainder is 3, so
8a−2=3⟹a=85.