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IAL 2024 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The circle CC

  • has centre A(3,5)A(3,5)
  • passes through the point B(8,7)B(8,-7)

(a) Find an equation for CC.

(3)

The points MM and NN lie on CC such that MNMN is a chord of CC.

Given that MNMN

  • lies above the xx-axis
  • is parallel to the xx-axis
  • has length 4224\sqrt{22}

(b) find an equation for the line passing through points MM and NN.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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圆心已经给出,所以只需要用点 BB 求半径。圆的标准形式是 (xa)2+(yb)2=r2(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^2

答题过程

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The centre is A(3,5)A(3,5).

The radius is ABAB, so

r2=(83)2+(75)2=52+(12)2=25+144=169.\begin{align*} r^2=&\,(8-3)^2+(-7-5)^2\\ =&\,5^2+(-12)^2\\ =&\,25+144\\ =&\,169. \end{align*}

Therefore, an equation of CC is

(x3)2+(y5)2=169.\begin{align*} (x-3)^2+(y-5)^2=169. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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水平弦的中点在圆心正上方或正下方。因为弦在 xx-axis 上方,所以选圆心上方。半弦长是 2222\sqrt{22},半径是 1313,用直角三角形求圆心到弦的距离。

答题过程

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The radius of the circle is

r=13.\begin{align*} r=13. \end{align*}

Since MNMN has length 4224\sqrt{22}, half of the chord has length

222.\begin{align*} 2\sqrt{22}. \end{align*}

Let the perpendicular distance from AA to the chord MNMN be dd.

Using Pythagoras’ theorem,

d2+(222)2=132d2+88=169d2=81d=9.\begin{align*} d^2+(2\sqrt{22})^2 =&\,\, 13^2\\[4mm] d^2+88 =&\,\, 169\\[4mm] d^2 =&\,\, 81\\[4mm] d =&\,\, 9. \end{align*}

The centre is A(3,5)A(3,5), and MNMN lies above the xx-axis, so the yy-coordinate of MNMN is

5+9=14.\begin{align*} 5+9=14. \end{align*}

Therefore, the equation of the line through MM and NN is

y=14.\begin{align*} y=14. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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由于 MNMN 平行于 xx 轴,设直线方程为 y=ky=k(且 k>0k>0)。因为 MNMN 的长度为 4224\sqrt{22},且圆的对称轴为 x=3x=3,所以 M,NM, Nxx 坐标为 3±2223 \pm 2\sqrt{22}。将其代入圆方程中可以直接求解 kk

答题过程

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Since the chord MNMN is parallel to the xx-axis, its equation can be written as y=ky = k (where k>0k > 0).

The centre of the circle is A(3,5)A(3,5) and the length of MNMN is 4224\sqrt{22}, which means the xx-coordinates of the points MM and NN are symmetrically placed at:

x=3±222\begin{align*} x = 3 \pm 2\sqrt{22} \end{align*}

Substitute these coordinates into the equation of CC from part (a):

(x3)2+(y5)2=169(3±2223)2+(k5)2=169(222)2+(k5)2=16988+(k5)2=169(k5)2=81k5=±9.\begin{align*} (x-3)^2+(y-5)^2 =&\,\, 169\\[4mm] (3 \pm 2\sqrt{22}-3)^2+(k-5)^2 =&\,\, 169\\[4mm] (2\sqrt{22})^2+(k-5)^2 =&\,\, 169\\[4mm] 88+(k-5)^2 =&\,\, 169\\[4mm] (k-5)^2 =&\,\, 81\\[4mm] k-5 =&\,\, \pm 9. \end{align*}

This gives two possible values:

k=14ork=4\begin{align*} k = 14 \quad\text{or}\quad k = -4 \end{align*}

Since the chord lies above the xx-axis, we must have k>0k > 0, so k=14k = 14.

Therefore, the equation of the line is y=14y = 14.