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IAL 2024 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

(i) Find the value of

r=16(0.25)r\sum_{r=1}^{\infty}6(0.25)^r
(3)

(ii) A sequence u1,u2,u3,u_1,u_2,u_3,\ldots is defined by

u1=3,un+1=un3un2nNu_1=3,\qquad u_{n+1}=\frac{u_n-3}{u_n-2} \quad n\in\mathbb{N}

(a) Show that this sequence is periodic.

(2)

(b) State the order of this sequence.

(1)

(c) Hence find

n=170un\sum_{n=1}^{70}u_n
(2)

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

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这是无穷等比级数。注意第一项从 r=1r=1 开始,所以第一项是 6(0.25)6(0.25),不是 66

答题过程

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The first term is

6(0.25)=1.5.\begin{align*} 6(0.25)=1.5. \end{align*}

The common ratio is

r=0.25.\begin{align*} r=0.25. \end{align*}

So

S=a1r=1.510.25=1.50.75=2.\begin{align*} S_\infty=&\,\frac{a}{1-r}\\ =&\,\frac{1.5}{1-0.25}\\ =&\,\frac{1.5}{0.75}\\ =&\,2. \end{align*}

(ii)(a)

解法一

思路

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只要算出若干项后发现回到 u1=3u_1=3,后面就会重复同样的循环。

答题过程

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Given u1=3u_1=3,

u2=3332=0,u3=0302=32,u4=323322=3212=3.\begin{align*} u_2=&\,\frac{3-3}{3-2}=0,\\ u_3=&\,\frac{0-3}{0-2}=\frac32,\\ u_4=&\,\frac{\frac32-3}{\frac32-2}\\ =&\,\frac{-\frac32}{-\frac12}\\ =&\,3. \end{align*}

Since u4=u1u_4=u_1, the sequence repeats:

3, 0, 32, 3, 0, 32,\begin{align*} 3,\ 0,\ \frac32,\ 3,\ 0,\ \frac32,\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore, the sequence is periodic.

(ii)(b)

解法一

思路

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循环的基本长度是 3,0,323,0,\frac32,所以阶数是 33

答题过程

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The sequence repeats every 33 terms.

Therefore, the order is

3.\begin{align*} 3. \end{align*}

(ii)(c)

解法一

思路

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33 项一组,和是 3+0+32=923+0+\frac32=\frac9270=23×3+170=23\times3+1,所以有 2323 组完整循环,再多一个第一项 33

答题过程

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One full cycle has sum

3+0+32=92.\begin{align*} 3+0+\frac32=\frac92. \end{align*}

Also,

70=23×3+1.\begin{align*} 70=23\times3+1. \end{align*}

Therefore,

n=170un=23(92)+3=2072+3=2132=106.5.\begin{align*} \sum_{n=1}^{70}u_n =&\,23\left(\frac92\right)+3\\ =&\,\frac{207}{2}+3\\ =&\,\frac{213}{2}\\ =&\,106.5. \end{align*}