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P2 2024 May Q1

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

(a) Find the first four terms, in ascending powers of xx, of the binomial expansion of

(1−16x)9\big(1-\frac16x\big)^9

giving each term in simplest form.

(3)

(b) Hence find the coefficient of x3x^3 in the expansion of

(10x+3)(1−16x)9(10x+3)\big(1-\frac16x\big)^9

giving the answer in simplest form.

(2)
题目中文翻译

(a) 按 xx 的升幂次序,求二项式 (1−16x)9\big(1-\frac16x\big)^9 展开的前四项,并将每一项写成最简形式。(3分)

(b) 因此,求 (10x+3)(1−16x)9(10x+3)\big(1-\frac16x\big)^9 展开式中 x3x^3 的系数,并将答案写成最简形式。(2分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用二项式展开的前四项。这里的“小量”是 −16x-\frac16x,所以符号会正负交替。

答题过程

展开

Using the binomial expansion,

(1−16x)9= 1+9(−16x) +(92)(−16x)2 +(93)(−16x)3+⋯= 1−32x+x2−718x3+⋯ .\begin{align*} \big(1-\frac16x\big)^9 =&\,1+9\big(-\frac16x\big)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+\binom92\big(-\frac16x\big)^2\\ &\,\hspace{4pt}+\binom93\big(-\frac16x\big)^3+\cdots\\ =&\,1-\frac32x+x^2-\frac7{18}x^3+\cdots. \end{align*}

So the first four terms are

1−32x+x2−718x3.\begin{align*} 1-\frac32x+x^2-\frac7{18}x^3. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

要得到 x3x^3,有两种来源:10x10x 乘上括号里的 x2x^2 项,或 33 乘上括号里的 x3x^3 项。

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

(1−16x)9= 1−32x+x2 −718x3+⋯ .\begin{align*} \big(1-\frac16x\big)^9 =&\,1-\frac32x+x^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-\frac7{18}x^3+\cdots. \end{align*}

The coefficient of x3x^3 in

(10x+3)(1−16x)9\begin{align*} (10x+3)\big(1-\frac16x\big)^9 \end{align*}

is

10(1)+3(−718)= 10−76= 606−76= 536.\begin{align*} 10(1)+3\big(-\frac7{18}\big) =&\,10-\frac76\\ =&\,\frac{60}{6}-\frac76\\ =&\,\frac{53}{6}. \end{align*}