题目
Problem
f(x)=(x−2)(2x2+5x+k)+21
where k is a constant.
(a) State the remainder when f(x) is divided by (x−2)
(1)
Given that (2x−1) is a factor of f(x)
(b) show that k=11
(2)
(c) Hence
(i) fully factorise f(x),
(ii) find the number of real solutions of the equation
f(x)=0
giving a reason for your answer.
(5)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
当 x=2 时,(x−2) 那一整项为 0,所以余数就是 f(2)。
答题过程
展开
By the remainder theorem, the remainder is f(2).
f(2)==(2−2)(2(2)2+5(2)+k)+2121.
Therefore, the remainder is
21.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
(2x−1) 是因式,所以 x=21 是根。代入 f(x)=0 解 k。
答题过程
展开
Since (2x−1) is a factor,
f(21)=0.
So
(21−2)(2(21)2+5(21)+k)+21=−23(21+25+k)+21=−23(3+k)+21=−3(3+k)+42=−9−3k+42=3k=k=000003311.
This is the required result.
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
展开
先把 k=11 代入并展开成三次式,再利用已知因式 (2x−1) 分解。
答题过程
展开
With k=11,
f(x)====(x−2)(2x2+5x+11)+21x(2x2+5x+11)−2(2x2+5x+11)+212x3+5x2+11x−4x2−10x−22+212x3+x2+x−1.
Since (2x−1) is a factor,
2x3+x2+x−1=(2x−1)(x2+x+1).
Therefore,
f(x)=(2x−1)(x2+x+1).
解法二
思路
展开
待定系数法(inspection)。代入 k=11 展开得到三次式 f(x)=2x3+x2+x−1。因为已给因式 (2x−1),可设商式为二次式 (ax2+bx+c)。通过两端的最高次项与常数项可以直接口算出 a 和 c,再对比中间项系数得到 b,免去多项式长除法。
答题过程
展开
Substitute k=11 and expand the cubic:
f(x)=2x3+x2+x−1
Since (2x−1) is a factor of f(x), we can assume the factorised form is:
2x3+x2+x−1=(2x−1)(ax2+bx+c)
Compare the coefficients:
2a=2⟹a=1
−c=−1⟹c=1
- For the x2 term (expanding (2x−1)(x2+bx+1)):
2b−a=2b−1=2b=b=11……(since a=1)21
Therefore, the quadratic factor is (x2+x+1), and the fully factorised form of f(x) is:
f(x)=(2x−1)(x2+x+1)
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
展开
线性因式给一个实根。二次因式是否有实根,要看判别式。
答题过程
展开
From part (c)(i),
f(x)=(2x−1)(x2+x+1).
The factor 2x−1=0 gives
x=21.
For x2+x+1=0, the discriminant is
b2−4ac==12−4(1)(1)−3.
Since −3<0, the quadratic has no real roots.
Therefore, f(x)=0 has
1
real solution.