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IAL 2024 May Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

(a) Sketch the curve with equation

y=ax+4y=a^x+4

where aa is a positive constant greater than 11

On your sketch, show

  • the coordinates of the point of intersection of the curve with the yy-axis
  • the equation of the asymptote of the curve
(3)
x22.32.62.93.23.5y00.32460.86291.66432.78964.3137\begin{array}{c|cccccc} x&2&2.3&2.6&2.9&3.2&3.5\\ \hline y&0&0.3246&0.8629&1.6643&2.7896&4.3137 \end{array}

The table shows corresponding values of xx and yy for

y=2x2xy=2^x-2x

with the values of yy given to 44 decimal places as appropriate.

Using the trapezium rule with all the values of yy in the given table,

(b) obtain an estimate for

23.5(2x2x)dx\int_2^{3.5}(2^x-2x)\,\mathrm{d}x

giving your answer to 22 decimal places.

(3)

(c) Using your answer to part (b) and making your method clear, estimate

(i)

23.5(2x+2x)dx\int_2^{3.5}(2^x+2x)\,\mathrm{d}x

(ii)

23.5(2x+14x)dx\int_2^{3.5}(2^{x+1}-4x)\,\mathrm{d}x
(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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a>1a>1,所以 axa^x 是递增指数曲线。加 44 会把整条曲线上移 44,因此水平渐近线是 y=4y=4yy-截距是 a0+4=5a^0+4=5

答题过程

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When x=0x=0,

y=a0+4=1+4=5.\begin{align*} y=a^0+4=1+4=5. \end{align*}

So the curve intersects the yy-axis at

(0,5).\begin{align*} (0,5). \end{align*}

As xx\to -\infty,

ax0,\begin{align*} a^x\to 0, \end{align*}

so

y4.\begin{align*} y\to 4. \end{align*}

Therefore, the asymptote is

y=4.\begin{align*} y=4. \end{align*}

The sketch should be an increasing exponential curve through (0,5)(0,5), approaching the horizontal asymptote y=4y=4 on the left.

(b)

解法一

思路

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相邻 xx 值相差 0.30.3,所以梯形宽度 h=0.3h=0.3。首尾各算一次,中间值乘 22

答题过程

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The strip width is

h=0.3.\begin{align*} h=0.3. \end{align*}

Using the trapezium rule,

23.5(2x2x)dx0.32{0+4.3137+2(0.3246+0.8629+1.6643+2.7896)}=2.339\begin{align*} \int_2^{3.5}(2^x-2x)\,\mathrm{d}x &\approx \frac{0.3}{2} \{0+4.3137\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+2(0.3246+0.8629\\ &\,\hspace{4pt}+1.6643+2.7896)\}\\ =&\,2.339\ldots \end{align*}

To 22 decimal places,

2.34.\begin{align*} 2.34. \end{align*}

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

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2x+2x2^x+2x 可以写成 (2x2x)+4x(2^x-2x)+4x。前半部分就是第 (b) 题,后半部分可以直接积分。

答题过程

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Since

2x+2x=(2x2x)+4x,\begin{align*} 2^x+2x=(2^x-2x)+4x, \end{align*}

we have

23.5(2x+2x)dx=23.5(2x2x)dx+23.54xdx2.34+[2x2]23.5=2.34+2(3.5)22(2)2=2.34+24.58=18.84.\begin{align*} \int_2^{3.5}(2^x+2x)\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\, \int_2^{3.5}(2^x-2x)\,\mathrm{d}x +\int_2^{3.5}4x\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] \approx&\,\, 2.34+\left[2x^2\right]_2^{3.5}\\[4mm] =&\,\, 2.34+2(3.5)^2-2(2)^2\\[4mm] =&\,\, 2.34+24.5-8\\[4mm] =&\,\, 18.84. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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单项积分法。已知 (b) 中 23.5(2x2x)dx2.34\int_2^{3.5} (2^x - 2x) \mathrm{d}x \approx 2.34。我们可以把这个积分拆开,单独算出指数部分 23.52xdx\int_2^{3.5} 2^x \mathrm{d}x 的值,再代回求 (2x+2x)dx\int (2^x + 2x) \mathrm{d}x

答题过程

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From part (b), we know:

23.5(2x2x)dx2.34\begin{align*} \int_2^{3.5} (2^x - 2x) \,\mathrm{d}x \approx 2.34 \end{align*}

Isolate the exponential term:

23.52xdx23.52xdx2.3423.52xdx[x2]23.52.3423.52xdx(3.5222)2.3423.52xdx8.252.3423.52xdx10.59\begin{align*} \int_2^{3.5} 2^x \,\mathrm{d}x - \int_2^{3.5} 2x \,\mathrm{d}x \approx&\,\, 2.34\\[4mm] \int_2^{3.5} 2^x \,\mathrm{d}x - \left[ x^2 \right]_2^{3.5} \approx&\,\, 2.34\\[4mm] \int_2^{3.5} 2^x \,\mathrm{d}x - \left( 3.5^2 - 2^2 \right) \approx&\,\, 2.34\\[4mm] \int_2^{3.5} 2^x \,\mathrm{d}x - 8.25 \approx&\,\, 2.34\\[4mm] \int_2^{3.5} 2^x \,\mathrm{d}x \approx&\,\, 10.59 \end{align*}

Now calculate the required integral using this value:

23.5(2x+2x)dx=23.52xdx+23.52xdx10.59+8.25=18.84\begin{align*} \int_2^{3.5} (2^x + 2x) \,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\, \int_2^{3.5} 2^x \,\mathrm{d}x + \int_2^{3.5} 2x \,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] \approx&\,\, 10.59 + 8.25\\[4mm] =&\,\, 18.84 \end{align*}

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

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2x+1=22x2^{x+1}=2\cdot 2^x,所以 2x+14x=2(2x2x)2^{x+1}-4x=2(2^x-2x)。因此积分就是第 (b) 题答案的 22 倍。

答题过程

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Since

2x+14x=2(2x2x),\begin{align*} 2^{x+1}-4x=2(2^x-2x), \end{align*}

we have

23.5(2x+14x)dx=223.5(2x2x)dx2(2.34)=4.68.\begin{align*} \int_2^{3.5}(2^{x+1}-4x)\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,2\int_2^{3.5}(2^x-2x)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &\approx 2(2.34)\\ =&\,4.68. \end{align*}