题目
Problem
(a) Sketch the curve with equation
y=ax+4
where a is a positive constant greater than 1
On your sketch, show
- the coordinates of the point of intersection of the curve with the y-axis
- the equation of the asymptote of the curve
(3)
xy202.30.32462.60.86292.91.66433.22.78963.54.3137
The table shows corresponding values of x and y for
y=2x−2x
with the values of y given to 4 decimal places as appropriate.
Using the trapezium rule with all the values of y in the given table,
(b) obtain an estimate for
∫23.5(2x−2x)dx
giving your answer to 2 decimal places.
(3)
(c) Using your answer to part (b) and making your method clear, estimate
(i)
∫23.5(2x+2x)dx
(ii)
∫23.5(2x+1−4x)dx
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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a>1,所以 ax 是递增指数曲线。加 4 会把整条曲线上移 4,因此水平渐近线是 y=4,y-截距是 a0+4=5。
答题过程
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When x=0,
y=a0+4=1+4=5.
So the curve intersects the y-axis at
(0,5).
As x→−∞,
ax→0,
so
y→4.
Therefore, the asymptote is
y=4.
The sketch should be an increasing exponential curve through (0,5), approaching the horizontal asymptote y=4 on the left.
(b)
解法一
思路
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相邻 x 值相差 0.3,所以梯形宽度 h=0.3。首尾各算一次,中间值乘 2。
答题过程
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The strip width is
h=0.3.
Using the trapezium rule,
∫23.5(2x−2x)dx=≈20.3{0+4.3137+2(0.3246+0.8629+1.6643+2.7896)}2.339…
To 2 decimal places,
2.34.
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
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2x+2x 可以写成 (2x−2x)+4x。前半部分就是第 (b) 题,后半部分可以直接积分。
答题过程
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Since
2x+2x=(2x−2x)+4x,
we have
∫23.5(2x+2x)dx=≈===∫23.5(2x−2x)dx+∫23.54xdx2.34+[2x2]23.52.34+2(3.5)2−2(2)22.34+24.5−818.84.
解法二
思路
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单项积分法。已知 (b) 中 ∫23.5(2x−2x)dx≈2.34。我们可以把这个积分拆开,单独算出指数部分 ∫23.52xdx 的值,再代回求 ∫(2x+2x)dx。
答题过程
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From part (b), we know:
∫23.5(2x−2x)dx≈2.34
Isolate the exponential term:
∫23.52xdx−∫23.52xdx≈∫23.52xdx−[x2]23.5≈∫23.52xdx−(3.52−22)≈∫23.52xdx−8.25≈∫23.52xdx≈2.342.342.342.3410.59
Now calculate the required integral using this value:
∫23.5(2x+2x)dx=≈=∫23.52xdx+∫23.52xdx10.59+8.2518.84
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
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2x+1=2⋅2x,所以 2x+1−4x=2(2x−2x)。因此积分就是第 (b) 题答案的 2 倍。
答题过程
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Since
2x+1−4x=2(2x−2x),
we have
∫23.5(2x+1−4x)dx==2∫23.5(2x−2x)dx≈2(2.34)4.68.