题目
Problem
Figure 1 is a sketch of the curve C with equation
y=2x23(4−x)x≥0
The point P is the stationary point of C.
(a) Find, using calculus, the x coordinate of P.
(4)
The region R1, shown shaded in Figure 1, is bounded by C and the x-axis.
The region R2, also shown shaded in Figure 1, is bounded by C, the x-axis and the line with equation x=k, where k is a constant.
Given that the area of R1 is equal to the area of R2
(b) find, using calculus, the exact value of k.
(4)
题目中文翻译
图1是曲线 C 的草图,其方程为 y=2x3/2(4−x),x≥0。点 P 是 C 的驻点。
(a) 利用微积分求 P 的 x 坐标。(4分)
图1中阴影区域 R1 由 C 和 x 轴围成。另一阴影区域 R2 由 C、x 轴和直线 x=k 围成,其中 k 是常数。
已知 R1 与 R2 的面积相等。
(b) 利用微积分求 k 的精确值。(4分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先把函数展开成幂函数之和,再求导。驻点满足 dxdy=0。
答题过程
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Rewrite the curve:
y==2x23(4−x)8x23−2x25.
Differentiate:
dxdy==8(23)x21−2(25)x2312x21−5x23.
At a stationary point,
dxdy=0.
So
12x21−5x23=x21(12−5x)=00.
The stationary point P is not at x=0, so
12−5x=x=0512.
解法二
思路
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用乘积法则直接求导,再提出 x1/2。图中的驻点 P 不在原点,因此取非零解。
答题过程
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For y=2x3/2(4−x), the product rule gives
dxdy===3x1/2(4−x)−2x3/2x1/2(3(4−x)−2x)x1/2(12−5x).
At P, the derivative is zero and x=0. Hence
12−5x=x=0,512.
(b)
解法一
思路
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R1 在 x 轴上方,R2 在 x 轴下方。两块面积相等,表示从 0 到 k 的有向面积为 0。
答题过程
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Integrate the curve:
=∫(8x3/2−2x5/2)dx516x5/2−74x7/2+C.
Since the area above the x-axis equals the area below the x-axis,
∫0kydx=0.
So
[516x25−74x27]0k=516k25−74k27=00.
Factorise:
k25(516−74k)=0.
Since the region R2 lies to the right of x=4, k>4 and hence k=0:
516−74k=74k=k==0516516⋅47528.
解法二
思路
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先分别计算两块正面积。曲线在 0<x<4 为正,在 4<x<k 为负,因此 R2 的面积要在定积分前加负号。
答题过程
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The non-zero x-intercept is x=4. Define
F(x)=516x5/2−74x7/2.
The area of R1 is
A1====F(4)−F(0)516(32)−74(128)5512−7512351024.
For 4<x<k, the curve is below the x-axis, so
A2===−∫4kydx−(F(k)−F(4))351024−F(k).
Since A1=A2,
351024=F(k)=k5/2(516−74k)=351024−F(k),0,0.
As k>4, k5/2=0. Therefore,
516−74k=k=0,528.