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P2 2024 May Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Figure 1 is a sketch of the curve CC with equation

y=2x32(4−x)x≥0y=2x^{\frac32}(4-x) \qquad x\geq0

The point PP is the stationary point of CC.

(a) Find, using calculus, the xx coordinate of PP.

(4)

The region R1R_1, shown shaded in Figure 1, is bounded by CC and the xx-axis.

The region R2R_2, also shown shaded in Figure 1, is bounded by CC, the xx-axis and the line with equation x=kx=k, where kk is a constant.

Given that the area of R1R_1 is equal to the area of R2R_2

(b) find, using calculus, the exact value of kk.

(4)
题目中文翻译

图1是曲线 CC 的草图,其方程为 y=2x3/2(4−x)y=2x^{3/2}(4-x),x≥0x\geq0。点 PP 是 CC 的驻点。

(a) 利用微积分求 PP 的 xx 坐标。(4分)

图1中阴影区域 R1R_1 由 CC 和 xx 轴围成。另一阴影区域 R2R_2 由 CC、xx 轴和直线 x=kx=k 围成,其中 kk 是常数。

已知 R1R_1 与 R2R_2 的面积相等。

(b) 利用微积分求 kk 的精确值。(4分)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先把函数展开成幂函数之和,再求导。驻点满足 dydx=0\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=0。

答题过程

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Rewrite the curve:

y= 2x32(4−x)= 8x32−2x52.\begin{align*} y=&\,2x^{\frac32}(4-x)\\ =&\,8x^{\frac32}-2x^{\frac52}. \end{align*}

Differentiate:

dydx= 8(32)x12 −2(52)x32= 12x12−5x32.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,8\bigg(\frac32\bigg)x^{\frac12}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\bigg(\frac52\bigg)x^{\frac32}\\ =&\,12x^{\frac12}-5x^{\frac32}. \end{align*}

At a stationary point,

dydx=0.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=0. \end{align*}

So

12x12−5x32= 0x12(12−5x)= 0.\begin{align*} 12x^{\frac12}-5x^{\frac32}=&\,0\\ x^{\frac12}(12-5x)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The stationary point PP is not at x=0x=0, so

12−5x= 0x= 125.\begin{align*} 12-5x=&\,0\\ x=&\,\frac{12}{5}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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用乘积法则直接求导,再提出 x1/2x^{1/2}。图中的驻点 PP 不在原点,因此取非零解。

答题过程

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For y=2x3/2(4−x)y=2x^{3/2}(4-x), the product rule gives

dydx= 3x1/2(4−x)−2x3/2= x1/2(3(4−x)−2x)= x1/2(12−5x).\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,3x^{1/2}(4-x)-2x^{3/2}\\ =&\,x^{1/2}\big(3(4-x)-2x\big)\\ =&\,x^{1/2}(12-5x). \end{align*}

At PP, the derivative is zero and x≠0x\ne0. Hence

12−5x= 0,x= 125.\begin{align*} 12-5x=&\,0,\\ x=&\,\frac{12}{5}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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R1R_1 在 xx 轴上方,R2R_2 在 xx 轴下方。两块面积相等,表示从 00 到 kk 的有向面积为 00。

答题过程

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Integrate the curve:

 ∫(8x3/2−2x5/2) dx= 165x5/2−47x7/2+C.\begin{align*} &\,\int\big(8x^{3/2}-2x^{5/2}\big)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac{16}{5}x^{5/2}-\frac47x^{7/2}+C. \end{align*}

Since the area above the xx-axis equals the area below the xx-axis,

∫0ky dx=0.\begin{align*} \int_0^k y\,\mathrm{d}x=0. \end{align*}

So

[165x52−47x72]0k= 0165k52−47k72= 0.\begin{align*} \big[ \frac{16}{5}x^{\frac52} -\frac47x^{\frac72} \big]_0^k=&\,0\\ \frac{16}{5}k^{\frac52} -\frac47k^{\frac72}=&\,0. \end{align*}

Factorise:

k52(165−47k)= 0.\begin{align*} k^{\frac52}\big(\frac{16}{5}-\frac47k\big)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since the region R2R_2 lies to the right of x=4x=4, k>4k>4 and hence k≠0k\ne0:

165−47k= 047k= 165k= 165⋅74= 285.\begin{align*} \frac{16}{5}-\frac47k=&\,0\\ \frac47k=&\,\frac{16}{5}\\ k=&\,\frac{16}{5}\cdot\frac74\\ =&\,\frac{28}{5}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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先分别计算两块正面积。曲线在 0<x<40<x<4 为正,在 4<x<k4<x<k 为负,因此 R2R_2 的面积要在定积分前加负号。

答题过程

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The non-zero xx-intercept is x=4x=4. Define

F(x)=165x5/2−47x7/2.F(x)=\frac{16}{5}x^{5/2}-\frac47x^{7/2}.

The area of R1R_1 is

A1= F(4)−F(0)= 165(32)−47(128)= 5125−5127= 102435.\begin{align*} A_1=&\,F(4)-F(0)\\ =&\,\frac{16}{5}(32)-\frac47(128)\\ =&\,\frac{512}{5}-\frac{512}{7}\\ =&\,\frac{1024}{35}. \end{align*}

For 4<x<k4<x<k, the curve is below the xx-axis, so

A2= −∫4ky dx= −(F(k)−F(4))= 102435−F(k).\begin{align*} A_2=&\,-\int_4^k y\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,-\big(F(k)-F(4)\big)\\ =&\,\frac{1024}{35}-F(k). \end{align*}

Since A1=A2A_1=A_2,

102435= 102435−F(k),F(k)= 0,k5/2(165−47k)= 0.\begin{align*} \frac{1024}{35}=&\,\frac{1024}{35}-F(k),\\ F(k)=&\,0,\\ k^{5/2}\bigg(\frac{16}{5}-\frac47k\bigg)=&\,0. \end{align*}

As k>4k>4, k5/2≠0k^{5/2}\ne0. Therefore,

165−47k= 0,k= 285.\begin{align*} \frac{16}{5}-\frac47k=&\,0,\\ k=&\,\frac{28}{5}. \end{align*}