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P2 2024 May R Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 May (R) Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

(a) Find the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of xx, of the binomial expansion of

(3+2x)6\begin{align*} (3+2x)^6 \end{align*}

giving each coefficient in simplest form.

(4)

(b) Hence find the coefficient of x2x^2 in the expansion of

(2x2−16x)(3+2x)6\begin{align*} \big(2x^2-\frac{1}{6x}\big)(3+2x)^6 \end{align*}
(3)
题目中文翻译

(a) 按 xx 的升幂排列,求以下二项式展开的前4项,并将各项系数化为最简形式。(4)

(3+2x)6(3+2x)^6

(b) 由此求以下展开式中 x2x^2 的系数。(3)

(2x2−16x)(3+2x)6\bigg(2x^2-\frac{1}{6x}\bigg)(3+2x)^6

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

直接按二项式定理计算 x0x^0 到 x3x^3 的四个系数。

答题过程

展开

The coefficient of xkx^k is

ck=(6k)36−k2k.c_k=\binom{6}{k}3^{6-k}2^k.

For k=0,1,2,3k=0,1,2,3,

c0= 36=729c1= 6(35)(2)=2916c2= 15(34)(4)=4860c3= 20(33)(8)=4320.\begin{align*} c_0=&\,3^6=729\\ c_1=&\,6(3^5)(2)=2916\\ c_2=&\,15(3^4)(4)=4860\\ c_3=&\,20(3^3)(8)=4320. \end{align*}

Hence the first four terms are

(3+2x)6= 729+2916x +4860x2+4320x3+⋯ .\begin{align*} (3+2x)^6=&\,729+2916x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+4860x^2+4320x^3+\cdots. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

先提出 363^6,把括号写成 1+u1+u,再使用标准二项式展开。

答题过程

展开

Write u=2x3u=\dfrac{2x}{3}. Then

(3+2x)6=729(1+u)6.(3+2x)^6=729(1+u)^6.

The first four terms of (1+u)6(1+u)^6 are

1+6u+15u2+20u3.1+6u+15u^2+20u^3.

Substituting u=2x3u=\dfrac{2x}{3} gives

6u= 4x15u2= 203x220u3= 16027x3.\begin{align*} 6u=&\,4x\\ 15u^2=&\,\frac{20}{3}x^2\\ 20u^3=&\,\frac{160}{27}x^3. \end{align*}

Multiplying each coefficient by 729729,

(3+2x)6= 729+2916x +4860x2+4320x3+⋯ .\begin{align*} (3+2x)^6=&\,729+2916x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+4860x^2+4320x^3+\cdots. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

要产生 x2x^2,2x22x^2 只能乘常数项,而 −16x-\dfrac{1}{6x} 只能乘 x3x^3 项。承接 (a) 的两个系数即可。

答题过程

展开

From part (a), the only contributions to the x2x^2 term are

2x2(729)= 1458x2−16x(4320x3)= −720x2.\begin{align*} 2x^2(729)=&\,1458x^2\\ -\frac{1}{6x}(4320x^3)=&\,-720x^2. \end{align*}

Thus the coefficient of x2x^2 is

1458−720=738.1458-720=738.