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P2 2024 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

(a) Find, in terms of aa, the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of xx, of the binomial expansion of

(2+ax)6(2+ax)^6

where aa is a non-zero constant. Give each term in simplest form.

(3)
f(x)=(3+1x)2(2+ax)6f(x)=\big(3+\frac1x\big)^2(2+ax)^6

Given that the constant term in the expansion of f(x)f(x) is 576576

(b) find the value of aa.

(4)
题目中文翻译

(a) 用 aa 表示以下二项式展开的前3项,按 xx 的升幂排列,并将各项化为最简形式。其中 aa 为非零常数。(3)

(2+ax)6(2+ax)^6 f(x)=(3+1x)2(2+ax)6f(x)=\bigg(3+\frac1x\bigg)^2(2+ax)^6

已知 f(x)f(x) 的展开式中的常数项为 576576。

(b) 求 aa 的值。(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

只需要前三项,即 x0,x1,x2x^0,x^1,x^2 的项。二项式系数分别是 1,6,151,6,15。

答题过程

展开  (2+ax)6= 26+(61)25(ax) +(62)24(ax)2+⋯= 64+192ax+240a2x2+⋯ .\begin{align*} &\,(2+ax)^6\\ =&\,2^6+{6\choose1}2^5(ax)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+{6\choose2}2^4(ax)^2+\cdots\\ =&\,64+192ax+240a^2x^2+\cdots . \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

提出 262^6,将括号标准化为 1+u1+u 后展开。

答题过程

展开

Let u=ax2u=\dfrac{ax}{2}. Then

(2+ax)6=64(1+u)6.(2+ax)^6=64(1+u)^6.

The first three terms are

64(1+6u+15u2).64\big(1+6u+15u^2\big).

Substituting for uu,

64(1)= 6464(6u)= 192ax64(15u2)= 240a2x2.\begin{align*} 64(1)=&\,64\\ 64(6u)=&\,192ax\\ 64(15u^2)=&\,240a^2x^2. \end{align*}

Hence the required first three terms are

64+192ax+240a2x2.64+192ax+240a^2x^2.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

要找常数项,需要把 (3+1x)2\big(3+\frac1x\big)^2 展开后,与 (a) 中不同幂次的项配对,使 xx 的总次数为 00。

答题过程

展开

First,

(3+1x)2= 9+6x+1x2.\begin{align*} \big(3+\frac1x\big)^2 =&\,9+\frac6x+\frac1{x^2}. \end{align*}

Also,

(2+ax)6= 64+192ax+240a2x2+⋯ .\begin{align*} (2+ax)^6=&\,64+192ax+240a^2x^2+\cdots . \end{align*}

The constant term in f(x)f(x) is formed by

9(64)= 5766x(192ax)= 1152a1x2(240a2x2)= 240a2.\begin{align*} 9(64)=&\,576\\ \frac6x(192ax)=&\,1152a\\ \frac1{x^2}(240a^2x^2)=&\,240a^2. \end{align*}

So the constant term is

9(64)+6(192a)+240a2= 576+1152a+240a2.\begin{align*} 9(64)+6(192a)+240a^2 =&\,576+1152a+240a^2. \end{align*}

This is equal to 576576, so

576+1152a+240a2= 5761152a+240a2= 0a(1152+240a)= 0.\begin{align*} 576+1152a+240a^2=&\,576\\ 1152a+240a^2=&\,0\\ a(1152+240a)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since aa is non-zero,

1152+240a= 0a= −1152240= −245.\begin{align*} 1152+240a=&\,0\\ a=&\,-\frac{1152}{240}\\ =&\,-\frac{24}{5}. \end{align*}