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IAL 2025 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

(a) Find the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of xx, of the binomial expansion of

(25x)8(2-5x)^8

giving each term in simplest form.

(4)

This expansion is to be used to find an approximation for 2.0582.05^8

(b) State the value of xx that should be used.

(There is no need to carry out this calculation.)

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

直接把 (25x)8(2-5x)^8 当作二项式展开。前四项对应 x0,x1,x2,x3x^0,x^1,x^2,x^3

答题过程

展开

Using the binomial expansion,

(25x)8=28+(81)27(5x)+(82)26(5x)2+(83)25(5x)3+.\begin{align*} (2-5x)^8 =&\,2^8+{8\choose1}2^7(-5x) +{8\choose2}2^6(-5x)^2\\ &\quad+{8\choose3}2^5(-5x)^3+\cdots . \end{align*}

Now simplify each term:

28=256,(81)27(5x)=8(128)(5x)=5120x,(82)26(5x)2=28(64)(25x2)=44800x2,(83)25(5x)3=56(32)(125x3)=224000x3.\begin{align*} 2^8=&\,256,\\ {8\choose1}2^7(-5x)=&\,8(128)(-5x)=-5120x,\\ {8\choose2}2^6(-5x)^2=&\,28(64)(25x^2)=44800x^2,\\ {8\choose3}2^5(-5x)^3=&\,56(32)(-125x^3)=-224000x^3. \end{align*}

Therefore,

(25x)8=2565120x+44800x2224000x3+.\begin{align*} (2-5x)^8 =&\,256-5120x+44800x^2\\ &\quad-224000x^3+\cdots . \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

也可以先提出 282^8,把它变成 256(152x)8256(1-\frac52x)^8。这样展开对象变成 1+u1+u 的形式。

答题过程

展开

First write

(25x)8=28(152x)8.\begin{align*} (2-5x)^8 =&\,2^8\left(1-\frac52x\right)^8. \end{align*}

Then

(152x)8=1+8(52x)+28(52x)2+56(52x)3+=120x+175x2875x3+.\begin{align*} \left(1-\frac52x\right)^8 =&\,1+8\left(-\frac52x\right) +28\left(-\frac52x\right)^2\\ &\quad+56\left(-\frac52x\right)^3+\cdots\\ =&\,1-20x+175x^2-875x^3+\cdots . \end{align*}

Multiplying by 256256,

(25x)8=256(120x+175x2875x3+)=2565120x+44800x2224000x3+.\begin{align*} (2-5x)^8 =&\,256(1-20x+175x^2-875x^3+\cdots)\\ =&\,256-5120x+44800x^2\\ &\quad-224000x^3+\cdots . \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

要用 (25x)8(2-5x)^8 近似 2.0582.05^8,就让 25x=2.052-5x=2.05

答题过程

展开

We need

25x=2.055x=0.05x=0.01.\begin{align*} 2-5x=&\,2.05\\ -5x=&\,0.05\\ x=&\,-0.01. \end{align*}

So the value of xx should be 0.01-0.01.