题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
Given that, in a particular geometric series,
- the sum of the first three terms is 70.2
- the sum to infinity is 75
find, for this series,
(a) the common ratio,
(4)
(b) the first term.
(2)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示所有计算步骤。完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。
已知某等比级数的前三项之和为 70.2,无穷和为 75。
求该级数的:
(a) 公比。(4分)
(b) 首项。(2分)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
设首项为 a,公比为 r。用 S3=70.2 和 S∞=75 建两个方程,再消去 a。
答题过程
展开
Since the sum to infinity exists, ∣r∣<1. For a geometric series,
S3=S∞=1−ra(1−r3),1−ra.
So
1−ra(1−r3)=1−ra=70.2,75.
Substitute 1−ra=75 into the first equation:
75(1−r3)=1−r3=r3=r=70.20.9360.0640.4.
Therefore, the common ratio is 0.4.
同一消元也可用尾和核验:S∞−S3=75r3=4.8,仍得 r3=0.064。若不先约去 1−r,会得到四次式
=75r4−75r3−4.8r+4.8(r−1)(75r3−4.8)=0.
由 ∣r∣<1 排除 r=1,剩下的就是上面的三次关系,不需要另写重复解法。
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
把 r=0.4 代回无穷和公式即可。
答题过程
展开
Using
1−ra=75
with r=0.4,
1−0.4a=0.6a=a=757545.
So the first term is 45.
若反过来用 r=1−a/75 消元,得到的三次式为
5625a3−25a2+3a−70.2=0.
乘以 5625 并因式分解:
(a−45)(a2−180a+8775)=0.
二次因子的判别式为 1802−4(8775)=−2700<0,故唯一实数首项仍是 a=45。这与前面的消元骨架相同。