题目
Problem
Figure 1 shows a linear relationship between log10y and log10x.
The line passes through the points (0,4) and (6,0) as shown.
(a) Find an equation linking log10y with log10x.
(2)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, express y in the form pxq, where p and q are constants to be found.
(3)
题目中文翻译
图 1 显示了 log10y 与 log10x 的线性关系。
如图所示,该直线经过点 (0,4) 和 (6,0)。
(a) 求连接 log10y 与 log10x 的方程。
(b) 由此,或用其他方法,将 y 写成 pxq 的形式,其中 p 和 q 为待求常数。
解答
(a)
The line passes through
(0,4)and(6,0)
The vertical axis is log10y and the horizontal axis is log10x.
The gradient is
6−00−4=−64=−32
The intercept on the log10y axis is 4.
Therefore
log10y=4−32log10x
(b)
解法一
思路
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从 (a) 的对数方程出发,用对数法则合并后去掉对数。
答题过程
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From part (a),
log10y=4−32log10x
Use the log rule
alog10x=log10(xa)
So
log10y=4+log10(x−32)
Also,
4=log10(104)
Therefore
log10y=log10(104)+log10(x−32)
So
log10y=log10(104x−32)
Hence
y=104x−32
Therefore
y=10000x−32
So
p=10000,q=−32
解法二
思路
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从目标形式出发,取对数后与 (a) 比较截距和斜率。
答题过程
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If y=pxq, taking logarithms gives
log10y=log10p+qlog10x.
Comparing with log10y=4−32log10x gives log10p=4 and q=−32. Hence p=104 and
y=10000x−2/3.