题目
The percentage, , of the population of a small country who have access to the internet, is modelled by the equation
where and are constants and is the number of years after the start of 2005.
Using the data for the years between the start of 2005 and the start of 2010, a graph is plotted of against .
The points are found to lie approximately on a straight line with gradient and intercept on the axis.
(a) Find, according to the model, the value of and the value of , giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
(b) In the context of the model, give a practical interpretation of the constant .
(c) Use the model to estimate the percentage of the population who had access to the internet at the start of 2015.
题目中文翻译
某小国人口中能够接入互联网的百分比 由下式建模:
其中 为常数, 表示自 2005 年年初起经过的年数。
利用 2005 年年初到 2010 年年初之间的数据,作出 关于 的图像。
这些点大致落在一条斜率为 、在 轴上的截距为 的直线上。
(a) 根据该模型求 与 的值,答案保留 2 位小数。
(b) 结合模型实际意义,说明常数 的实际解释。
(c) 利用该模型估算 2015 年年初该国有互联网接入的人口百分比。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对指数模型取常用对数,把它写成关于 的直线方程;截距是 ,斜率是 。
答题过程
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The model is
Take logarithms base 10:
Using log laws,
This is a straight-line equation in the form
where
The intercept is , so
Therefore
So
to 2 decimal places.
The gradient is , so
Therefore
So
to 2 decimal places.
(b)
解法一
思路
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是模型在 时的数值,结合题目对时间的定义解释其实际意义。
答题过程
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When
the model gives
Since is the start of 2005, represents the percentage of the population who had access to the internet at the start of 2005.
So
(c)
解法一
思路
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2015 年初对应 ,将 (a) 求出的 、 代入原指数模型。
答题过程
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At the start of 2015, the number of years after the start of 2005 is
Using
we get
Using a calculator,
Therefore the estimate is
解法二
思路
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官方评分资料也接受直接使用题图给出的对数直线方程,代入 后取反对数。
答题过程
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From the straight line,
At the start of 2015, , so
Therefore
giving the estimate