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P3 2021 June Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The growth of duckweed on a pond is being studied.

The surface area of the pond covered by duckweed, A m2A\text{ m}^2, at a time tt days after the start of the study is modelled by the equation

A=pqtA=pq^t

where pp and qq are positive constants.

Figure 1 shows the linear relationship between log⁡10A\log_{10}A and tt.

The points (0,0.32)(0,0.32) and (8,0.56)(8,0.56) lie on the line as shown.

(a) Find, to 3 decimal places, the value of pp and the value of qq.

(4)

Using the model with the values of pp and qq found in part (a),

(b) find the rate of increase of the surface area of the pond covered by duckweed, in m2/day\text{m}^2/\text{day}, exactly 6 days after the start of the study.

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

现正研究池塘中浮萍的生长情况。

研究开始后 tt 天时,池塘中被浮萍覆盖的表面积 A m2A\text{ m}^2 由下式建模:

A=pqtA=pq^t

其中 pp 和 qq 为正常数。

图 1 显示了 log⁡10A\log_{10}A 与 tt 的线性关系。

如图所示,点 (0,0.32)(0,0.32) 和 (8,0.56)(8,0.56) 在这条直线上。

(a) 求 pp 和 qq 的值,答案精确到小数点后 3 位。

在(a)中求得的 pp 和 qq 的基础上,

(b) 求研究开始后恰好 6 天时,池塘中被浮萍覆盖表面积的增长率,单位为 m2/day\text{m}^2/\text{day}。

答案精确到小数点后 2 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对模型取常用对数,可得关于 tt 的直线方程。图像的纵截距等于 log⁡10p\log_{10}p,斜率等于 log⁡10q\log_{10}q,分别取反对数即可求出 pp 与 qq。

答题过程

展开

Since A=pqtA=pq^t,

log⁡10A=log⁡10p+tlog⁡10q.\log_{10}A=\log_{10}p+t\log_{10}q.

The graph passes through (0,0.32)(0,0.32), so

log⁡10p=0.32.\log_{10}p=0.32.

Therefore

p=100.32=2.089…,p=10^{0.32}=2.089\ldots,

and hence

p=2.089\boxed{p=2.089}

to 3 decimal places.

The gradient is

0.56−0.328−0=0.03.\frac{0.56-0.32}{8-0}=0.03.

Thus

log⁡10q=0.03,\log_{10}q=0.03,

so

q=100.03=1.0715….q=10^{0.03}=1.0715\ldots.

Hence

q=1.072\boxed{q=1.072}

to 3 decimal places.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

把 pp、qq 看作常数,直接对指数模型 A=pqtA=pq^t 求导,再代入 t=6t=6。中间计算保留完整精度,最后取两位小数。

答题过程

展开

Differentiating A=pqtA=pq^t with respect to tt,

dAdt=pqtln⁡q.\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =pq^t\ln q.

Using p=2.089p=2.089, q=1.072q=1.072 and t=6t=6,

dAdt= 2.089(1.072)6ln⁡(1.072)= 0.218…\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =&\,2.089(1.072)^6\ln(1.072)\\[2mm] =&\,0.218\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore, to 2 decimal places,

0.22 m2/day.\boxed{0.22\text{ m}^2/\text{day}}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可从直线关系 log⁡10A=0.03t+0.32\log_{10}A=0.03t+0.32 出发作隐函数微分。再以该模型求出 t=6t=6 时的 AA,代回导数公式。

答题过程

展开

From the straight-line model,

log⁡10A=0.03t+0.32.\log_{10}A=0.03t+0.32.

Differentiating implicitly with respect to tt,

1Aln⁡10dAdt=0.03.\frac{1}{A\ln10}\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t}=0.03.

Hence

dAdt=0.03Aln⁡10.\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =0.03A\ln10.

At t=6t=6,

A=100.03(6)+0.32=100.50.A=10^{0.03(6)+0.32}=10^{0.50}.

Therefore

dAdt= 0.03(100.50)ln⁡10= 0.218…\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t} =&\,0.03\left(10^{0.50}\right)\ln10\\[2mm] =&\,0.218\ldots \end{align*}

Thus, to 2 decimal places,

0.22 m2/day.\boxed{0.22\text{ m}^2/\text{day}}.