题目
Problem
The growth of duckweed on a pond is being studied.
The surface area of the pond covered by duckweed, A m2, at a time t days after the start of the study is modelled by the equation
A=pqt
where p and q are positive constants.
Figure 1 shows the linear relationship between log10A and t.
The points (0,0.32) and (8,0.56) lie on the line as shown.
(a) Find, to 3 decimal places, the value of p and the value of q.
(4)
Using the model with the values of p and q found in part (a),
(b) find the rate of increase of the surface area of the pond covered by duckweed, in m2/day, exactly 6 days after the start of the study.
Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
(3)
题目中文翻译
现正研究池塘中浮萍的生长情况。
研究开始后 t 天时,池塘中被浮萍覆盖的表面积 A m2 由下式建模:
A=pqt
其中 p 和 q 为正常数。
图 1 显示了 log10A 与 t 的线性关系。
如图所示,点 (0,0.32) 和 (8,0.56) 在这条直线上。
(a) 求 p 和 q 的值,答案精确到小数点后 3 位。
在(a)中求得的 p 和 q 的基础上,
(b) 求研究开始后恰好 6 天时,池塘中被浮萍覆盖表面积的增长率,单位为 m2/day。
答案精确到小数点后 2 位。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对模型取常用对数,可得关于 t 的直线方程。图像的纵截距等于 log10p,斜率等于 log10q,分别取反对数即可求出 p 与 q。
答题过程
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Since A=pqt,
log10A=log10p+tlog10q.
The graph passes through (0,0.32), so
log10p=0.32.
Therefore
p=100.32=2.089…,
and hence
p=2.089
to 3 decimal places.
The gradient is
8−00.56−0.32=0.03.
Thus
log10q=0.03,
so
q=100.03=1.0715….
Hence
q=1.072
to 3 decimal places.
(b)
解法一
思路
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把 p、q 看作常数,直接对指数模型 A=pqt 求导,再代入 t=6。中间计算保留完整精度,最后取两位小数。
答题过程
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Differentiating A=pqt with respect to t,
dtdA=pqtlnq.
Using p=2.089, q=1.072 and t=6,
dtdA==2.089(1.072)6ln(1.072)0.218…
Therefore, to 2 decimal places,
0.22 m2/day.
解法二
思路
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官方评分资料也可从直线关系 log10A=0.03t+0.32 出发作隐函数微分。再以该模型求出 t=6 时的 A,代回导数公式。
答题过程
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From the straight-line model,
log10A=0.03t+0.32.
Differentiating implicitly with respect to t,
Aln101dtdA=0.03.
Hence
dtdA=0.03Aln10.
At t=6,
A=100.03(6)+0.32=100.50.
Therefore
dtdA==0.03(100.50)ln100.218…
Thus, to 2 decimal places,
0.22 m2/day.