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IAL 2021 June Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

(a) Express 12sinx5cosx12\sin x-5\cos x in the form Rsin(xα)R\sin(x-\alpha), where RR and α\alpha are constants, R>0R>0 and 0<α<π20<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2}. Give the exact value of RR and give the value of α\alpha in radians, to 3 decimal places.

(3)

The function gg is defined by

g(θ)=10+12sin(2θπ6)5cos(2θπ6)\begin{align*} g(\theta)=&\,10+12\sin\bigg(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}\bigg)\\ &\,-5\cos\bigg(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}\bigg) \end{align*}

where θ>0\theta>0.

Find

(b) (i) the minimum value of g(θ)g(\theta)

(ii) the smallest value of θ\theta at which the minimum value occurs.

(3)

The function hh is defined by

h(β)=10(12sinβ5cosβ)2h(\beta)=10-(12\sin\beta-5\cos\beta)^2

(c) Find the range of hh.

(2)
题目中文翻译

(a) 将 12sinx5cosx12\sin x-5\cos x 化为 Rsin(xα)R\sin(x-\alpha) 的形式,其中 RRα\alpha 为常数,且 R>0, 0<α<π2R>0,\ 0<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2}。写出 RR 的精确值,并将 α\alpha 的弧度值精确到小数点后 3 位。

函数 gg 定义为

g(θ)=10+12sin(2θπ6)5cos(2θπ6)\begin{align*} g(\theta)=&\,10+12\sin\bigg(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}\bigg)\\ &\,-5\cos\bigg(2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}\bigg) \end{align*}

其中 θ>0\theta>0

(b) (i) g(θ)g(\theta) 的最小值;

(ii) 取得该最小值时最小的 θ\theta 值。

函数 hh 定义为

h(β)=10(12sinβ5cosβ)2h(\beta)=10-(12\sin\beta-5\cos\beta)^2

(c) 求 hh 的值域。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

展开 Rsin(xα)R\sin(x-\alpha),再比较 sinx\sin xcosx\cos x 的系数。由两条系数关系分别求出 RRα\alpha

答题过程

展开

Using the subtraction formula,

Rsin(xα)=RsinxcosαRcosxsinα.R\sin(x-\alpha) =R\sin x\cos\alpha -R\cos x\sin\alpha.

Comparing coefficients with 12sinx5cosx12\sin x-5\cos x,

Rcosα=12andRsinα=5.R\cos\alpha=12 \quad\text{and}\quad R\sin\alpha=5.

Therefore

R2=122+52=169,R^2=12^2+5^2=169,

so, since R>0R>0,

R=13.\boxed{R=13}.

Also,

tanα=512.\tan\alpha=\frac{5}{12}.

Since 0<α<π20<\alpha<\frac{\pi}{2},

α=arctan(512)=0.394791\alpha=\arctan\left(\frac{5}{12}\right) =0.394791\ldots

Thus, to 3 decimal places,

12sinx5cosx=13sin(x0.395).\boxed{12\sin x-5\cos x =13\sin(x-0.395)}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

把 (a) 的结果应用于复合角 2θπ62\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}。正弦函数最小值为 1-1,所以整个函数的最小值是 101310-13

答题过程

展开

Let

α=arctan(512).\alpha=\arctan\left(\frac{5}{12}\right).

Using part (a),

g(θ)=10+13sin(2θπ6α).g(\theta) =10+13\sin\left( 2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}-\alpha \right).

The minimum value of sine is 1-1. Therefore

gmin=1013=3.\boxed{g_{\min}=10-13=-3}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

正弦在角度 π2+2nπ-\frac{\pi}{2}+2n\pi 时取最小值。先写出通解,再选出能使 θ>0\theta>0 的最小整数 nn

答题过程

展开

The minimum occurs when

2θπ6α=π2+2nπ.2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}-\alpha =-\frac{\pi}{2}+2n\pi.

For n=0n=0, this gives θ<0\theta<0, so the smallest admissible value is obtained when n=1n=1:

2θπ6α=3π2.2\theta-\frac{\pi}{6}-\alpha =\frac{3\pi}{2}.

Hence

θ=12(3π2+π6+α)=2.815\begin{align*} \theta =&\,\frac12\left( \frac{3\pi}{2} +\frac{\pi}{6} +\alpha \right)\\[2mm] =&\,2.815\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore, to 3 significant figures,

θ=2.82.\boxed{\theta=2.82}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

利用 (a) 把括号内的式子化为 13sin(βα)13\sin(\beta-\alpha)。由于正弦平方的范围是 [0,1][0,1],代入即可得到 hh 的最大、最小值。

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

12sinβ5cosβ=13sin(βα).12\sin\beta-5\cos\beta =13\sin(\beta-\alpha).

Therefore

h(β)=10169sin2(βα).h(\beta) =10-169\sin^2(\beta-\alpha).

Since

0sin2(βα)1,0\leq\sin^2(\beta-\alpha)\leq1,

we have

159h(β)10.-159\leq h(\beta)\leq10.

Hence the range is

159h(β)10.\boxed{-159\leq h(\beta)\leq10}.