题目
Problem
Figure 4 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation
y=(1+2cos2x)2
(a) Show that
(1+2cos2x)2≡p+qcos2x+rcos4x
where p, q and r are constants to be found.
(2)
The curve touches the positive x-axis for the second time when x=a, as shown in Figure 4.
The regions bounded by the curve, the y-axis and the x-axis up to x=a are shown shaded in Figure 4.
(b) Find, using algebraic integration and making your method clear, the exact total area of the shaded regions. Write your answer in simplest form.
(5)
题目中文翻译
图 4 给出了部分曲线的示意图,其方程为
y=(1+2cos2x)2
(a) 证明
(1+2cos2x)2≡p+qcos2x+rcos4x
其中 p、q 和 r 是需要求出的常数。
如图 4 所示,当 x=a 时,曲线第二次与正 x 轴相切。
图中从 x=0 到 x=a,由曲线、y 轴和 x 轴围成的区域已用阴影标出。
(b) 使用代数积分并清楚写出方法,求阴影区域的精确总面积,并把答案写成最简形式。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先展开平方,再用 cos4x=2cos22x−1 把 cos22x 改写成 cos4x,最后比较系数。
答题过程
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Expanding the square gives
(1+2cos2x)2=1+4cos2x+4cos22x.
Using
cos4x=2cos22x−1,
we have
4cos22x=2(cos4x+1).
Therefore
(1+2cos2x)2==1+4cos2x+2(cos4x+1)3+4cos2x+2cos4x.
Hence
p=3,q=4,r=2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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曲线接触 x 轴时平方项内为零。先找第二个正根 a;由于函数是平方,区间内曲线不低于 x 轴,所以总面积可以直接对 (a) 的恒等式从 0 积分到 a。
答题过程
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The curve touches the x-axis when
(1+2cos2x)2=0.
Thus
cos2x=−21.
The first two positive solutions are
x=3πandx=32π.
Therefore
a=32π.
Since (1+2cos2x)2≥0, the total shaded area is
∫02π/3(3+4cos2x+2cos4x)dx.
Integrating,
Area====[3x+2sin2x+21sin4x]02π/32π+2sin34π+21sin38π2π−3+432π−433.
Hence the exact total area is
2π−433.