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IAL 2021 Oct Q10

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

Figure 4 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y=(1+2cos2x)2y=(1+2\cos 2x)^2

(a) Show that

(1+2cos2x)2p+qcos2x+rcos4x(1+2\cos 2x)^2\equiv p+q\cos 2x+r\cos 4x

where pp, qq and rr are constants to be found.

(2)

The curve touches the positive xx-axis for the second time when x=ax=a, as shown in Figure 4.

The regions bounded by the curve, the yy-axis and the xx-axis up to x=ax=a are shown shaded in Figure 4.

(b) Find, using algebraic integration and making your method clear, the exact total area of the shaded regions. Write your answer in simplest form.

(5)
题目中文翻译

图 4 给出了部分曲线的示意图,其方程为

y=(1+2cos2x)2y=(1+2\cos 2x)^2

(a) 证明

(1+2cos2x)2p+qcos2x+rcos4x(1+2\cos 2x)^2\equiv p+q\cos 2x+r\cos 4x

其中 ppqqrr 是需要求出的常数。

如图 4 所示,当 x=ax=a 时,曲线第二次与正 xx 轴相切。

图中从 x=0x=0x=ax=a,由曲线、yy 轴和 xx 轴围成的区域已用阴影标出。

(b) 使用代数积分并清楚写出方法,求阴影区域的精确总面积,并把答案写成最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先展开平方,再用 cos4x=2cos22x1\cos4x=2\cos^22x-1cos22x\cos^22x 改写成 cos4x\cos4x,最后比较系数。

答题过程

展开

Expanding the square gives

(1+2cos2x)2=1+4cos2x+4cos22x.(1+2\cos2x)^2 =1+4\cos2x+4\cos^22x.

Using

cos4x=2cos22x1,\cos4x=2\cos^22x-1,

we have

4cos22x=2(cos4x+1).4\cos^22x=2(\cos4x+1).

Therefore

(1+2cos2x)2=1+4cos2x+2(cos4x+1)=3+4cos2x+2cos4x.\begin{align*} (1+2\cos2x)^2 =&\,1+4\cos2x+2(\cos4x+1) \\[4mm] =&\,3+4\cos2x+2\cos4x. \end{align*}

Hence

p=3,q=4,r=2.\boxed{p=3,\qquad q=4,\qquad r=2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

曲线接触 xx 轴时平方项内为零。先找第二个正根 aa;由于函数是平方,区间内曲线不低于 xx 轴,所以总面积可以直接对 (a) 的恒等式从 00 积分到 aa

答题过程

展开

The curve touches the xx-axis when

(1+2cos2x)2=0.(1+2\cos2x)^2=0.

Thus

cos2x=12.\cos2x=-\frac12.

The first two positive solutions are

x=π3andx=2π3.x=\frac{\pi}{3} \qquad\text{and}\qquad x=\frac{2\pi}{3}.

Therefore

a=2π3.a=\frac{2\pi}{3}.

Since (1+2cos2x)20(1+2\cos2x)^2\geq0, the total shaded area is

02π/3(3+4cos2x+2cos4x)dx.\int_0^{2\pi/3} (3+4\cos2x+2\cos4x)\,\mathrm{d}x.

Integrating,

Area=[3x+2sin2x+12sin4x]02π/3=2π+2sin4π3+12sin8π3=2π3+34=2π334.\begin{align*} \text{Area} =&\,\bigg[ 3x+2\sin2x+\frac12\sin4x \bigg]_0^{2\pi/3} \\[4mm] =&\,2\pi+2\sin\frac{4\pi}{3} +\frac12\sin\frac{8\pi}{3} \\[4mm] =&\,2\pi-\sqrt3+\frac{\sqrt3}{4} \\[4mm] =&\,2\pi-\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}. \end{align*}

Hence the exact total area is

2π334.\boxed{2\pi-\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}}.