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IAL 2021 Oct Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation y=f(x)y=f(x), where

f(x)=x(x24)ex/2f(x)=x(x^2-4)e^{-x/2}

(a) Find f(x)f'(x).

(2)

The line ll is the normal to the curve at OO and meets the curve again at the point PP.

The point PP lies in the 3rd quadrant, as shown in Figure 3.

(b) Show that the xx coordinate of PP is a solution of the equation

x=1216+ex/2x=-\frac12\sqrt{16+e^{x/2}}
(4)

(c) Using the iterative formula

xn+1=1216+exn/2with x1=2x_{n+1}=-\frac12\sqrt{16+e^{x_n/2}}\qquad \text{with }x_1=-2

find, to 4 decimal places,

(i) the value of x2x_2

(ii) the xx coordinate of PP.

(3)
题目中文翻译

图 3 给出了部分曲线的示意图,其方程为 y=f(x)y=f(x),其中

f(x)=x(x24)ex/2f(x)=x(x^2-4)e^{-x/2}

(a) 求 f(x)f'(x)

直线 ll 是曲线在点 OO 处的法线,并与曲线再次相交于点 PP

PP 位于第三象限,如图 3 所示。

(b) 证明点 PPxx 坐标是方程

x=1216+ex/2x=-\frac12\sqrt{16+e^{x/2}}

的一个解。

(c) 使用迭代公式

xn+1=1216+exn/2其中 x1=2x_{n+1}=-\frac12\sqrt{16+e^{x_n/2}}\qquad \text{其中 }x_1=-2

求下列各值(精确到小数点后 4 位):

(i) x2x_2

(ii) 点 PPxx 坐标。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把函数写成多项式与指数函数的乘积,使用乘积法则,并提取共同的指数因子。

答题过程

展开

Write

f(x)=(x34x)ex/2.f(x)=(x^3-4x)e^{-x/2}.

Using the product rule,

f(x)=(3x24)ex/212(x34x)ex/2=(12x3+3x2+2x4)ex/2.\begin{align*} f'(x)=&\,(3x^2-4)e^{-x/2} \\ &\,-\frac{1}{2}(x^3-4x)e^{-x/2} \\[4mm] =&\,\bigg( -\frac{1}{2}x^3+3x^2+2x-4 \bigg)e^{-x/2}. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=(12x3+3x2+2x4)ex/2.\boxed{ f'(x)= \bigg(-\frac{1}{2}x^3+3x^2+2x-4\bigg)e^{-x/2} }.

解法二

思路

展开

官方评分资料也接受把指数因子移到分母,再使用商法则。约去共同指数因子后会得到同一个导数。

答题过程

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Rewrite the function as

f(x)=x34xex/2.f(x)=\frac{x^3-4x}{e^{x/2}}.

Using the quotient rule,

f(x)=ex/2ex[3x2412(x34x)]=[3x2412(x34x)]ex/2=(12x3+3x2+2x4)ex/2.\begin{align*} f'(x) =&\,\frac{e^{x/2}}{e^x} \bigg[ 3x^2-4-\frac{1}{2}(x^3-4x) \bigg] \\[4mm] =&\,\bigg[ 3x^2-4-\frac{1}{2}(x^3-4x) \bigg]e^{-x/2} \\[4mm] =&\,\bigg( -\frac{1}{2}x^3+3x^2+2x-4 \bigg)e^{-x/2}. \end{align*}

Hence

f(x)=(12x3+3x2+2x4)ex/2.\boxed{ f'(x)= \bigg(-\frac{1}{2}x^3+3x^2+2x-4\bigg)e^{-x/2} }.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由 f(0)f'(0) 求曲线在原点的切线斜率,再取负倒数得到法线。把法线与曲线方程联立,并利用 POP\neq O 约去 xx;最后用第三象限确定负号。

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

f(0)=4.f'(0)=-4.

Therefore the gradient of the normal at OO is 14\frac14, so the normal is

y=14x.y=\frac14x.

At the second point of intersection PP,

x(x24)ex/2=14x.x(x^2-4)e^{-x/2} =\frac14x.

Since POP\neq O, we have x0x\neq0. Dividing by xx gives

(x24)ex/2=14.(x^2-4)e^{-x/2} =\frac14.

Hence

x24=14ex/2x2=14(16+ex/2).\begin{align*} x^2-4=&\,\frac14e^{x/2} \\[4mm] x^2=&\,\frac14\big(16+e^{x/2}\big). \end{align*}

The point PP lies in the third quadrant, so its xx-coordinate is negative. Therefore

x=1216+ex/2,\boxed{ x=-\frac12\sqrt{16+e^{x/2}} },

as required.

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

在给定迭代公式中代入 x1=2x_1=-2,直接求 x2x_2

答题过程

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Using x1=2x_1=-2,

x2=1216+e1=2.0229\begin{align*} x_2 =&\,-\frac12\sqrt{16+e^{-1}} \\[4mm] =&\,-2.0229 \end{align*}

to 4 decimal places. Hence

x2=2.0229.\boxed{x_2=-2.0229}.

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

继续迭代,直到数值在题目要求的四位小数下保持不变。

答题过程

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Continuing the iteration gives

x1=2,x2=2.0229,x3=2.0226,x4=2.0226.\begin{align*} x_1=&\,-2, \\ x_2=&\,-2.0229, \\ x_3=&\,-2.0226, \\ x_4=&\,-2.0226. \end{align*}

Therefore the values converge, to 4 decimal places, to

x=2.0226.\boxed{x=-2.0226}.

Hence the xx-coordinate of PP is 2.0226-2.0226.