题目
Problem
Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve C with equation
x=ye2yy∈R
(a) Show that
dxdy=x(1+2y)y
(4)
Given that the straight line with equation x=k, where k is a constant, cuts C at exactly two points,
(b) find the range of possible values for k.
(3)
题目中文翻译
图 3 给出了曲线 C 的示意图,其方程为
x=ye2yy∈R
(a) 证明
dxdy=x(1+2y)y
已知直线 x=k(其中 k 为常数)与曲线 C 恰有两个交点。
(b) 求 k 的可能取值范围。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把 x 看成 y 的函数,先求 dx/dy,再取倒数。最后用 x=ye2y 消去指数项。
答题过程
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Differentiating with respect to y,
dydx=e2y(1+2y)
Therefore
dxdy=1+2ye−2y
Since x=ye2y, we have e−2y=y/x. Hence
dxdy=x(1+2y)y
as required.
解法二
思路
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使用对数求导,把乘积转成和,再直接解出 dy/dx。写成绝对值对数可同时覆盖曲线的负值部分。
答题过程
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For non-zero x and y, take logarithms:
ln∣x∣=ln∣y∣+2y
Differentiating with respect to x,
x1=(y1+2)dxdy
Therefore
dxdy=x(1+2y)y
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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竖直线要与曲线恰有两个交点,k 必须位于曲线最左端的 x 坐标与原点的 x 坐标之间。用 dx/dy=0 求出最左端点。
答题过程
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From part (a),
dydx=e2y(1+2y)
At the turning point,
e2y(1+2y)=0
Since e2y>0,
y=−21
Then
x=−21e−1=−2e1
The curve also passes through the origin. A vertical line has exactly two intersections when its x coordinate lies strictly between these values. Therefore
−2e1<k<0