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IAL 2022 Jan Q10

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve CC with equation

x=ye2yyRx=ye^{2y}\qquad y\in\mathbb{R}

(a) Show that

dydx=yx(1+2y)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{y}{x(1+2y)}
(4)

Given that the straight line with equation x=kx=k, where kk is a constant, cuts CC at exactly two points,

(b) find the range of possible values for kk.

(3)
题目中文翻译

图 3 给出了曲线 CC 的示意图,其方程为

x=ye2yyRx=ye^{2y}\qquad y\in\mathbb{R}

(a) 证明

dydx=yx(1+2y)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{y}{x(1+2y)}

已知直线 x=kx=k(其中 kk 为常数)与曲线 CC 恰有两个交点。

(b) 求 kk 的可能取值范围。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

xx 看成 yy 的函数,先求 dx/dy\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}y,再取倒数。最后用 x=ye2yx=ye^{2y} 消去指数项。

答题过程

展开

Differentiating with respect to yy,

dxdy=e2y(1+2y)\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} =e^{2y}(1+2y)

Therefore

dydx=e2y1+2y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{e^{-2y}}{1+2y}

Since x=ye2yx=ye^{2y}, we have e2y=y/xe^{-2y}=y/x. Hence

dydx=yx(1+2y)\boxed{ \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{y}{x(1+2y)} }

as required.

解法二

思路

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使用对数求导,把乘积转成和,再直接解出 dy/dx\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x。写成绝对值对数可同时覆盖曲线的负值部分。

答题过程

展开

For non-zero xx and yy, take logarithms:

lnx=lny+2y\ln|x|=\ln|y|+2y

Differentiating with respect to xx,

1x=(1y+2)dydx\frac1x =\bigg(\frac1y+2\bigg) \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}

Therefore

dydx=yx(1+2y)\boxed{ \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{y}{x(1+2y)} }

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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竖直线要与曲线恰有两个交点,kk 必须位于曲线最左端的 xx 坐标与原点的 xx 坐标之间。用 dx/dy=0\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}y=0 求出最左端点。

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

dxdy=e2y(1+2y)\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} =e^{2y}(1+2y)

At the turning point,

e2y(1+2y)=0e^{2y}(1+2y)=0

Since e2y>0e^{2y}>0,

y=12y=-\frac12

Then

x=12e1=12ex=-\frac12e^{-1} =-\frac{1}{2e}

The curve also passes through the origin. A vertical line has exactly two intersections when its xx coordinate lies strictly between these values. Therefore

12e<k<0\boxed{-\frac{1}{2e}<k<0}