题目
Problem
The profit made by a company, £ P million, t years after the company started trading, is modelled by the equation
P=104t−1+43ln[(2t+1)2t+1]
The graph of P against t is shown in Figure 2.
According to the model,
(a) show that exactly one year after it started trading, the company had made a loss of approximately £ 830000
(2)
A manager of the company wants to know the value of t for which P=0
(b) Show that this value of t occurs in the interval [6,7]
(2)
(c) Show that the equation P=0 can be expressed in the form
t=41+815ln[t+1(2t+1)2]
(2)
(d) Using the iteration formula
tn+1=41+815ln[tn+1(2tn+1)2] with t1=6
find the value of t2 and the value of t6, giving your answers to 3 decimal places.
(3)
(e) Hence find, according to the model, how many months it takes in total, from when the company started trading, for it to make a profit.
(2)
题目中文翻译
某公司开始营业 t 年后的利润为 P 百万英镑,其模型方程为
P=104t−1+43ln[(2t+1)2t+1]
图 2 给出了 P 关于 t 的图像。
根据该模型,
(a) 证明公司在开业恰好一年后亏损约 £ 830000。
一位经理想知道 P=0 时的 t 值。
(b) 证明该 t 值位于区间 [6,7] 内。
(c) 证明方程 P=0 可写成
t=41+815ln[t+1(2t+1)2]
的形式。
(d) 使用迭代公式
tn+1=41+815ln[tn+1(2tn+1)2],其中 t1=6
求 t2 和 t6 的值,答案精确到小数点后 3 位。
(e) 由此根据模型求公司从开始营业起到开始盈利总共用了多少个月。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把 t=1 代入模型。所得 P 为负,表示亏损;再把“百万英镑”换算成英镑。
答题过程
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Substituting t=1,
P=103+43ln(92)=−0.828…
Therefore the company made a loss of approximately
0.828 million pounds=£830000
(b)
解法一
思路
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计算区间两端的函数值。连续函数在两端异号,因此区间内存在根。
答题过程
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P(6)=−0.08799…<0
and
P(7)=0.1975…>0
Since P is continuous on [6,7], there is a root in
[6,7]
(c)
解法一
思路
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令 P=0,把含 t 的一次式作为主项。最后使用 −lnA=ln(1/A) 把对数内的分式倒置,得到题目指定形式。
答题过程
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Setting P=0,
104t−1=−43ln[(2t+1)2t+1]
Therefore
t=\frac14-rac{15}{8}
\ln\bigg[\frac{t+1}{(2t+1)^2}\bigg]
Using −lnA=ln(1/A),
\boxed{
t=\frac14+rac{15}{8}
\ln\bigg[\frac{(2t+1)^2}{t+1}\bigg]
}
as required.
(d)
解法一
思路
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从 t1=6 开始反复代入给定迭代式,分别读取第二项与第六项。
答题过程
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t2=41+815ln(7132)=6.219978…
Continuing the iteration,
| n | tn |
|---|
| 1 | 6.000 |
| 2 | 6.220 |
| 3 | 6.287 |
| 4 | 6.307 |
| 5 | 6.312 |
| 6 | 6.314 |
Hence
t2=6.220,t6=6.314
(e)
解法一
思路
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承接 (d),把约 6.314 年乘以 12 换算为月份。公司要在越过盈亏平衡点后才开始盈利,因此取到第 76 个月。
答题过程
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Using part (d),
6.314×12=75.768
Therefore it takes
76 months
for the company to make a profit.