Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2022 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2022 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The profit made by a company, £ PP million, tt years after the company started trading, is modelled by the equation

P=4t110+34ln[t+1(2t+1)2]P=\frac{4t-1}{10}+\frac34\ln\bigg[\frac{t+1}{(2t+1)^2}\bigg]

The graph of PP against tt is shown in Figure 2.

According to the model,

(a) show that exactly one year after it started trading, the company had made a loss of approximately £ 830000830\,000

(2)

A manager of the company wants to know the value of tt for which P=0P=0

(b) Show that this value of tt occurs in the interval [6,7][6,7]

(2)

(c) Show that the equation P=0P=0 can be expressed in the form

t=14+158ln[(2t+1)2t+1]t=\frac14+\frac{15}{8}\ln\bigg[\frac{(2t+1)^2}{t+1}\bigg]
(2)

(d) Using the iteration formula

tn+1=14+158ln[(2tn+1)2tn+1] with t1=6t_{n+1}=\frac14+\frac{15}{8}\ln\bigg[\frac{(2t_n+1)^2}{t_n+1}\bigg]\text{ with }t_1=6

find the value of t2t_2 and the value of t6t_6, giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(3)

(e) Hence find, according to the model, how many months it takes in total, from when the company started trading, for it to make a profit.

(2)
题目中文翻译

某公司开始营业 tt 年后的利润为 PP 百万英镑,其模型方程为

P=4t110+34ln[t+1(2t+1)2]P=\frac{4t-1}{10}+\frac34\ln\bigg[\frac{t+1}{(2t+1)^2}\bigg]

图 2 给出了 PP 关于 tt 的图像。

根据该模型,

(a) 证明公司在开业恰好一年后亏损约 £ 830000830\,000

一位经理想知道 P=0P=0 时的 tt 值。

(b) 证明该 tt 值位于区间 [6,7][6,7] 内。

(c) 证明方程 P=0P=0 可写成

t=14+158ln[(2t+1)2t+1]t=\frac14+\frac{15}{8}\ln\bigg[\frac{(2t+1)^2}{t+1}\bigg]

的形式。

(d) 使用迭代公式

tn+1=14+158ln[(2tn+1)2tn+1],其中 t1=6t_{n+1}=\frac14+\frac{15}{8}\ln\bigg[\frac{(2t_n+1)^2}{t_n+1}\bigg]\text{,其中 }t_1=6

t2t_2t6t_6 的值,答案精确到小数点后 3 位。

(e) 由此根据模型求公司从开始营业起到开始盈利总共用了多少个月。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

t=1t=1 代入模型。所得 PP 为负,表示亏损;再把“百万英镑”换算成英镑。

答题过程

展开

Substituting t=1t=1,

P=310+34ln(29)=0.828P=\frac3{10}+\frac34\ln\bigg(\frac29\bigg) =-0.828\ldots

Therefore the company made a loss of approximately

0.828 million pounds=£8300000.828\text{ million pounds} =\boxed{\text{£}830\,000}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

计算区间两端的函数值。连续函数在两端异号,因此区间内存在根。

答题过程

展开 P(6)=0.08799<0P(6)=-0.08799\ldots<0

and

P(7)=0.1975>0P(7)=0.1975\ldots>0

Since PP is continuous on [6,7][6,7], there is a root in

[6,7]\boxed{[6,7]}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

P=0P=0,把含 tt 的一次式作为主项。最后使用 lnA=ln(1/A)-\ln A=\ln(1/A) 把对数内的分式倒置,得到题目指定形式。

答题过程

展开

Setting P=0P=0,

4t110=34ln[t+1(2t+1)2]\frac{4t-1}{10} =-\frac34\ln\bigg[\frac{t+1}{(2t+1)^2}\bigg]

Therefore

t=\frac14- rac{15}{8} \ln\bigg[\frac{t+1}{(2t+1)^2}\bigg]

Using lnA=ln(1/A)-\ln A=\ln(1/A),

\boxed{ t=\frac14+ rac{15}{8} \ln\bigg[\frac{(2t+1)^2}{t+1}\bigg] }

as required.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

t1=6t_1=6 开始反复代入给定迭代式,分别读取第二项与第六项。

答题过程

展开 t2=14+158ln(1327)=6.219978t_2=\frac14+\frac{15}{8}\ln\bigg(\frac{13^2}{7}\bigg) =6.219978\ldots

Continuing the iteration,

nntnt_n
16.0006.000
26.2206.220
36.2876.287
46.3076.307
56.3126.312
66.3146.314

Hence

t2=6.220,t6=6.314\boxed{t_2=6.220,\quad t_6=6.314}

(e)

解法一

思路

展开

承接 (d),把约 6.3146.314 年乘以 1212 换算为月份。公司要在越过盈亏平衡点后才开始盈利,因此取到第 7676 个月。

答题过程

展开

Using part (d),

6.314×12=75.7686.314\times12=75.768

Therefore it takes

76 months\boxed{76\text{ months}}

for the company to make a profit.