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IAL 2023 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

The functions ff and gg are defined by

f(x)=9x2x0f(x)=9-x^2\qquad x\ge 0 g(x)=32x+1x0g(x)=\frac{3}{2x+1}\qquad x\ge 0

(a) Write down the range of ff

(1)

(b) Find the value of fg(1.5)fg(1.5)

(2)

(c) Find g1g^{-1}

(3)
题目中文翻译

函数 ffgg 定义为

f(x)=9x2x0f(x)=9-x^2\qquad x\ge 0 g(x)=32x+1x0g(x)=\frac{3}{2x+1}\qquad x\ge 0

(a) 写出 ff 的值域。

(b) 求 fg(1.5)fg(1.5) 的值。

(c) 求 g1g^{-1}

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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因为 x0x\ge0,所以 x20x^2\ge0。因此 9x29-x^2 的最大值是 99,并且当 xx 继续增大时,函数值可以无限减小。

答题过程

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We have

f(x)=9x2,x0.f(x)=9-x^2,\qquad x\ge0.

Since

x20,x^2\ge0,

we have

9x29.9-x^2\le9.

Also, as xx increases, 9x29-x^2 can become arbitrarily negative.

Therefore the range of ff is

f(x)9.\boxed{f(x)\le9}.

Equivalently,

(,9].\boxed{(-\infty,9]}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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fg(1.5)fg(1.5) 表示先把 1.51.5 代入 gg,再把结果代入 ff

答题过程

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First find g(1.5)g(1.5):

g(1.5)=32(1.5)+1=34.\begin{align*} g(1.5) =&\,\frac{3}{2(1.5)+1} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{3}{4}. \end{align*}

Therefore

fg(1.5)=f(34).fg(1.5)=f\left(\frac34\right).

Now

f(34)=9(34)2=9916=14416916=13516.\begin{align*} f\left(\frac34\right) =&\,9-\left(\frac34\right)^2 \\[2mm] =&\,9-\frac{9}{16} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{144}{16}-\frac{9}{16} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{135}{16}. \end{align*}

Hence

fg(1.5)=13516.\boxed{fg(1.5)=\frac{135}{16}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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y=g(x)y=g(x),然后把 xx 表示成 yy 的函数。最后交换变量名,得到 g1(x)g^{-1}(x)。还要写出反函数的定义域,也就是原函数 gg 的值域。

答题过程

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Let

y=32x+1.y=\frac{3}{2x+1}.

Multiply both sides by 2x+12x+1:

y(2x+1)=3.y(2x+1)=3.

So

2xy+y=3.2xy+y=3.

Hence

2xy=3y.2xy=3-y.

Therefore

x=3y2y.x=\frac{3-y}{2y}.

Now swap xx and yy:

g1(x)=3x2x.g^{-1}(x)=\frac{3-x}{2x}.

Since g(x)=32x+1g(x)=\frac{3}{2x+1} with x0x\ge0, its maximum value is 33 when x=0x=0, and it approaches 00 but never equals 00.

So the domain of g1g^{-1} is

0<x3.0<x\le3.

Thus

g1(x)=3x2x,0<x3.\boxed{g^{-1}(x)=\frac{3-x}{2x},\qquad 0<x\le3}.