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IAL 2023 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

f(x)=cosx+2sinxf(x)=\cos x+2\sin x

(a) Express f(x)f(x) in the form

Rcos(xα)R\cos(x-\alpha)

where RR and α\alpha are constants, R>0R>0.

Give the exact value of RR and give the value of α\alpha, in radians, to 3 decimal places.

(3)
g(x)=37f(2x)g(x)=3-7f(2x)

(b) Using the answer to part (a),

(i) write down the exact maximum value of g(x)g(x),

(ii) find the smallest positive value of xx for which this maximum value occurs, giving your answer to 2 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译 f(x)=cosx+2sinxf(x)=\cos x+2\sin x

(a) 将 f(x)f(x) 写成

Rcos(xα)R\cos(x-\alpha)

的形式,其中 RRα\alpha 为常数,且 R>0R>0

写出 RR 的精确值,并将 α\alpha 的值(单位:弧度)精确到小数点后 3 位。

g(x)=37f(2x)g(x)=3-7f(2x)

(b) 利用 (a) 的结果,

(i) 写出 g(x)g(x) 的最大值的精确值;

(ii) 求取得该最大值时最小的正 xx 值,答案精确到小数点后 2 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

展开 Rcos(xα)R\cos(x-\alpha),再与 cosx+2sinx\cos x+2\sin x 比较系数。这样可以得到 Rcosα=1R\cos\alpha=1Rsinα=2R\sin\alpha=2

答题过程

展开

We want

cosx+2sinx=Rcos(xα).\cos x+2\sin x=R\cos(x-\alpha).

Use

cos(xα)=cosxcosα+sinxsinα.\cos(x-\alpha)=\cos x\cos\alpha+\sin x\sin\alpha.

So

Rcos(xα)=Rcosαcosx+Rsinαsinx.R\cos(x-\alpha) =R\cos\alpha\cos x+R\sin\alpha\sin x.

Compare coefficients with

cosx+2sinx.\cos x+2\sin x.

This gives

Rcosα=1,Rsinα=2.R\cos\alpha=1, \qquad R\sin\alpha=2.

Square and add:

R2cos2α+R2sin2α=12+22.R^2\cos^2\alpha+R^2\sin^2\alpha=1^2+2^2.

Since cos2α+sin2α=1\cos^2\alpha+\sin^2\alpha=1,

R2=5.R^2=5.

As R>0R>0,

R=5.\boxed{R=\sqrt5}.

Also,

tanα=RsinαRcosα=21=2.\tan\alpha=\frac{R\sin\alpha}{R\cos\alpha}=\frac21=2.

Therefore

α=arctan2=1.107.\alpha=\arctan2=1.107\ldots.

So, to 3 decimal places,

α=1.107.\boxed{\alpha=1.107}.

Hence

f(x)=5cos(x1.107).\boxed{f(x)=\sqrt5\cos(x-1.107\ldots)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

由 (a),f(2x)=5cos(2xα)f(2x)=\sqrt5\cos(2x-\alpha)。因为 g(x)=37f(2x)g(x)=3-7f(2x),要让 g(x)g(x) 最大,就要让 cos(2xα)\cos(2x-\alpha) 最小,即等于 1-1

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

f(2x)=5cos(2xα).f(2x)=\sqrt5\cos(2x-\alpha).

So

g(x)=375cos(2xα).g(x)=3-7\sqrt5\cos(2x-\alpha).

(i)

The maximum value of g(x)g(x) occurs when

cos(2xα)=1.\cos(2x-\alpha)=-1.

Therefore

gmax=375(1).g_{\max}=3-7\sqrt5(-1).

So

gmax=3+75.\boxed{g_{\max}=3+7\sqrt5}.

(ii)

For this maximum,

2xα=π2x-\alpha=\pi

gives the smallest positive value of xx.

Thus

x=π+α2.x=\frac{\pi+\alpha}{2}.

Using

α=1.107,\alpha=1.107\ldots,

we get

x=π+1.1072=2.124.x=\frac{\pi+1.107\ldots}{2}=2.124\ldots.

Hence, to 2 decimal places,

x=2.12.\boxed{x=2.12}.