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IAL 2023 May Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2023 May Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve CC with equation y=f(x)y=f(x), where

f(x)=(2x+1)3e4xf(x)=(2x+1)^3e^{-4x}

(a) Show that

f(x)=A(2x+1)2(14x)e4xf'(x)=A(2x+1)^2(1-4x)e^{-4x}

where AA is a constant to be found.

(4)

(b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the two stationary points on CC.

(3)

The function gg is defined by

g(x)=8f(x2)g(x)=8f(x-2)

(c) Find the coordinates of the maximum stationary point on the curve with equation y=g(x)y=g(x).

(2)
题目中文翻译

图 3 给出了曲线 CC 的示意图,其方程为 y=f(x)y=f(x),其中

f(x)=(2x+1)3e4xf(x)=(2x+1)^3e^{-4x}

(a) 证明

f(x)=A(2x+1)2(14x)e4xf'(x)=A(2x+1)^2(1-4x)e^{-4x}

其中 AA 是需要求出的常数。

(b) 由此求曲线 CC 上两个驻点的精确坐标。

函数 gg 定义为

g(x)=8f(x2)g(x)=8f(x-2)

(c) 求曲线 y=g(x)y=g(x) 上极大驻点的坐标。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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f(x)f(x) 是两个函数的乘积:(2x+1)3(2x+1)^3e4xe^{-4x},所以用乘积法则求导。求导后把共同因子 (2x+1)2e4x(2x+1)^2e^{-4x} 提出来,再整理成题目给出的形式。

答题过程

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We have

f(x)=(2x+1)3e4x.f(x)=(2x+1)^3e^{-4x}.

Using the product rule,

f(x)=6(2x+1)2e4x4(2x+1)3e4x=2(2x+1)2e4x(32(2x+1))=2(2x+1)2e4x(14x).\begin{align*} f'(x)=&\,6(2x+1)^2e^{-4x} -4(2x+1)^3e^{-4x} \\[2mm] =&\,2(2x+1)^2e^{-4x} \big(3-2(2x+1)\big) \\[2mm] =&\,2(2x+1)^2e^{-4x}(1-4x). \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=A(2x+1)2(14x)e4x,f'(x)=A(2x+1)^2(1-4x)e^{-4x},

where

A=2.\boxed{A=2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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驻点满足 f(x)=0f'(x)=0。由于 e4xe^{-4x} 永远不为 0,所以只需要令代数因子为 0。求出两个 xx 值后,代回原函数得到对应的 yy 坐标。

答题过程

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Stationary points occur when

f(x)=0.f'(x)=0.

From part (a),

2(2x+1)2(14x)e4x=0.2(2x+1)^2(1-4x)e^{-4x}=0.

Since 202\ne0 and e4x0e^{-4x}\ne0,

(2x+1)2(14x)=0.(2x+1)^2(1-4x)=0.

So

2x+1=0or14x=0.2x+1=0 \qquad\text{or}\qquad 1-4x=0.

Hence

x=12orx=14.x=-\frac12 \qquad\text{or}\qquad x=\frac14.

When x=12x=-\frac12,

f(12)=03e2=0.f\left(-\frac12\right)=0^3e^2=0.

When x=14x=\frac14,

f(14)=(214+1)3e1=(32)31e=278e.\begin{align*} f\left(\frac14\right) =&\,\left(2\cdot\frac14+1\right)^3e^{-1} \\[2mm] =&\,\left(\frac32\right)^3\frac1e \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{27}{8e}. \end{align*}

Therefore the two stationary points are

(12,0)and(14,278e).\boxed{\left(-\frac12,0\right)} \qquad\text{and}\qquad \boxed{\left(\frac14,\frac{27}{8e}\right)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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g(x)=8f(x2)g(x)=8f(x-2) 表示把 y=f(x)y=f(x) 向右平移 2 个单位,再把 yy 坐标乘以 8。原曲线的极大驻点是 (14,278e)\left(\frac14,\frac{27}{8e}\right),所以直接变换这个点。

答题过程

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The maximum stationary point on y=f(x)y=f(x) is

(14,278e).\left(\frac14,\frac{27}{8e}\right).

The function

g(x)=8f(x2)g(x)=8f(x-2)

shifts the graph of y=f(x)y=f(x) 2 units to the right and multiplies all yy-coordinates by 8.

So the xx-coordinate becomes

14+2=94,\frac14+2=\frac94,

and the yy-coordinate becomes

8278e=27e.8\cdot\frac{27}{8e}=\frac{27}{e}.

Therefore the maximum stationary point on y=g(x)y=g(x) is

(94,27e).\boxed{\left(\frac94,\frac{27}{e}\right)}.