Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2024 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A curve has equation y=f(x)y=f(x) where

f(x)=x45x2+4x7xRf(x)=x^4-5x^2+4x-7\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

(a) Show that the equation f(x)=0f(x)=0 has a root, α\alpha, in the interval [2,3][2,3]

(2)

(b) Show that the equation f(x)=0f(x)=0 can be written as

x=5x24x+7x3x=\sqrt[3]{\frac{5x^2-4x+7}{x}}
(1)

The iterative formula

xn+1=5xn24xn+7xn3x_{n+1}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{5x_n^2-4x_n+7}{x_n}}

is used to find α\alpha

(c) Starting with x1=2x_1=2 and using the iterative formula,

(i) find, to 4 decimal places, the value of x2x_2

(ii) find, to 4 decimal places, the value of α\alpha

(3)
题目中文翻译

一条曲线的方程为 y=f(x)y=f(x),其中

f(x)=x45x2+4x7xRf(x)=x^4-5x^2+4x-7\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

(a) 证明方程 f(x)=0f(x)=0 在区间 [2,3][2,3] 内有一个根 α\alpha

(b) 证明方程 f(x)=0f(x)=0 可写成

x=5x24x+7x3x=\sqrt[3]{\frac{5x^2-4x+7}{x}}

的形式。

用下列迭代公式求 α\alpha

xn+1=5xn24xn+7xn3x_{n+1}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{5x_n^2-4x_n+7}{x_n}}

(c) 取 x1=2x_1=2 并使用该迭代公式,

(i) 求 x2x_2 的值,精确到小数点后 4 位;

(ii) 求 α\alpha 的值,精确到小数点后 4 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

分别计算区间两个端点处的函数值。多项式函数连续;若端点函数值异号,便可由介值定理得出区间内至少有一个根。

答题过程

展开

Since ff is a polynomial, it is continuous on [2,3][2,3].

At the endpoints,

f(2)=245(2)2+4(2)7=3<0,\begin{align*} f(2)=&\,2^4-5(2)^2+4(2)-7 \\[2mm] =&\,-3<0, \end{align*}

and

f(3)=345(3)2+4(3)7=41>0.\begin{align*} f(3)=&\,3^4-5(3)^2+4(3)-7 \\[2mm] =&\,41>0. \end{align*}

There is a change of sign between x=2x=2 and x=3x=3. Therefore, by the Intermediate Value Theorem, the equation f(x)=0f(x)=0 has a root α\alpha in [2,3][2,3].

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

f(x)=0f(x)=0 出发,把 x4x^4 单独留在一边,再除以 xx 并取立方根。由于所求根位于 [2,3][2,3],所以 x0x\neq 0,除以 xx 是合法的。

答题过程

展开

Starting from f(x)=0f(x)=0,

x45x2+4x7=0.x^4-5x^2+4x-7=0.

Therefore,

x4=5x24x+7.x^4=5x^2-4x+7.

For the root in [2,3][2,3], x0x\neq 0, so division by xx gives

x3=5x24x+7x.x^3=\frac{5x^2-4x+7}{x}.

Taking the cube root of both sides,

x=5x24x+7x3.\boxed{x=\sqrt[3]{\frac{5x^2-4x+7}{x}}}.

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

将初值 x1=2x_1=2 直接代入给定的迭代公式,计算下一项 x2x_2

答题过程

展开

Using x1=2x_1=2,

x2=5(2)24(2)+723=2.117911.\begin{align*} x_2=&\,\sqrt[3]{\frac{5(2)^2-4(2)+7}{2}} \\[2mm] =&\,2.117911\ldots. \end{align*}

Therefore, to 44 decimal places,

x2=2.1179.\boxed{x_2=2.1179}.

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

继续反复应用同一个迭代公式,直到相邻迭代值在小数点后四位保持不变。

答题过程

展开

Continuing the iteration gives

nxn12.00000022.11791232.14684642.15406352.15586962.15632172.15643582.15646392.156470\begin{array}{c|c} n & x_n \\ \hline 1 & 2.000000 \\ 2 & 2.117912 \\ 3 & 2.146846 \\ 4 & 2.154063 \\ 5 & 2.155869 \\ 6 & 2.156321 \\ 7 & 2.156435 \\ 8 & 2.156463 \\ 9 & 2.156470 \end{array}

The values converge to

α=2.156472.\alpha=2.156472\ldots.

Therefore, to 44 decimal places,

α=2.1565.\boxed{\alpha=2.1565}.