题目
Problem
The amount of money raised for a charity is being monitored.
The total amount raised in the t months after monitoring began, £D, is modelled by the equation
log10D=1.04+0.38t
(a) Write this equation in the form
D=abt
where a and b are constants to be found. Give each value to 4 significant figures.
(3)
When t=T, the total amount of money raised is £45000
According to the model,
(b) find the value of T, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(2)
The charity aims to raise a total of £350000 within the first 12 months of monitoring.
According to the model,
(c) determine whether or not the charity will achieve its aim.
(2)
题目中文翻译
某慈善机构筹得的款项正在被监测。
监测开始后 t 个月,累计筹得的总金额 £D 满足模型方程
log10D=1.04+0.38t
(a) 将此方程写成
D=abt
的形式,其中 a 和 b 是需要求出的常数。两个值都精确到 4 位有效数字。
当 t=T 时,筹得的总金额为 £45000。
根据该模型,
(b) 求 T 的值,答案精确到 3 位有效数字。
该慈善机构的目标是在监测开始后的前 12 个月内筹得总计 £350000。
根据该模型,
(c) 判断该慈善机构能否实现其目标。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把常用对数方程两边以 10 为底取指数,再利用指数律把含 t 的部分写成某个常数的 t 次方。
答题过程
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From
log10D=1.04+0.38t,
we obtain
D==101.04+0.38t101.04(100.38)t.
Now
101.04=10.9647…
and
100.38=2.39883….
Therefore, to 4 significant figures,
D=10.96(2.399)t,
so a=10.96 and b=2.399.
(b)
解法一
思路
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直接把 D=45000 代回题目给出的对数模型,可以避免受到 (a) 中四舍五入数值的影响。
答题过程
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Substituting D=45000 and t=T into the model gives
log1045000=1.04+0.38T.
Hence
T==0.38log1045000−1.049.50845….
Therefore, to 3 significant figures,
T=9.51 months.
(c)
解法一
思路
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计算 t=12 时模型预测的累计金额,并与目标 £350000 比较。因为模型中的金额随 t 增大,所以第 12 个月时达到或超过目标,就表示能在前 12 个月内完成目标。
答题过程
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At t=12,
log10D==1.04+0.38(12)5.60.
Therefore,
D==105.60398107.17….
Since
398107.17…>350000,
the charity is predicted to raise more than £350000 by the end of the first 12 months. Hence,
the charity will achieve its aim.