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IAL 2024 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The graph shown in Figure 2 has equation

y=a2xby=a-|2x-b|

where aa and bb are positive constants, a>ba>b

(a) Find, giving your answer in terms of aa and bb,

(i) the coordinates of the maximum point of the graph,

(ii) the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graph with the yy-axis,

(iii) the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graph with the xx-axis.

(5)

On page 24 there is a copy of Figure 2 called Diagram 1.

(b) On Diagram 1, sketch the graph with equation

y=x1y=|x|-1
(2)

Given that the graphs y=x1y=|x|-1 and y=a2xby=a-|2x-b| intersect at x=3x=-3 and x=5x=5

(c) find the value of aa and the value of bb

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题中你必须写出解题过程的所有步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

图 2 所示图像的方程为

y=a2xby=a-|2x-b|

其中 aabb 是正常数,且 a>ba>b

(a) 用 aabb 表示,求

(i) 图像最高点的坐标;

(ii) 图像与 yy 轴交点的坐标;

(iii) 图像与 xx 轴交点的坐标。

第 24 页给出了图 2 的副本,称为 Diagram 1。

(b) 在 Diagram 1 上画出方程

y=x1y=|x|-1

对应的图像草图。

已知图像 y=x1y=|x|-1y=a2xby=a-|2x-b|x=3x=-3x=5x=5 处相交,

(c) 求 aabb 的值。

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

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由于绝对值恒为非负数,a2xba-|2x-b| 在绝对值部分等于零时取得最大值。令 2xb=02x-b=0 即可求出顶点。

答题过程

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The maximum value occurs when

2xb=0.|2x-b|=0.

Thus,

2xb=0,2x-b=0,

so x=b2x=\dfrac b2 and y=ay=a. Therefore, the maximum point is

(b2,a).\boxed{\bigg(\frac b2,a\bigg)}.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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yy 轴相交时 x=0x=0。代入后利用 b>0b>0 化简绝对值。

答题过程

展开

At the yy-axis, x=0x=0. Hence,

y=a2(0)b=ab=ab,\begin{align*} y=&\,a-|2(0)-b|\\[4mm] =&\,a-|-b|\\[4mm] =&\,a-b, \end{align*}

since b>0b>0. Therefore, the point of intersection with the yy-axis is

(0,ab).\boxed{(0,a-b)}.

(a)(iii)

解法一

思路

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xx 轴相交时 y=0y=0,所以绝对值等于 aa。分别处理绝对值内部等于 aaa-a 的两种情况。

答题过程

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At the xx-axis, y=0y=0, so

a2xb=0.a-|2x-b|=0.

Therefore,

2xb=a,|2x-b|=a,

which gives

2xb=aor2xb=a.2x-b=a \qquad\text{or}\qquad 2x-b=-a.

Thus,

x=a+b2orx=ba2.x=\frac{a+b}{2} \qquad\text{or}\qquad x=\frac{b-a}{2}.

Hence the points of intersection with the xx-axis are

(ba2,0)and(a+b2,0).\boxed{ \bigg(\frac{b-a}{2},0\bigg) \quad\text{and}\quad \bigg(\frac{a+b}{2},0\bigg) }.

(b)

解法一

思路

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y=x1y=|x|-1 是开口向上的 V 形图像,关于 yy 轴对称,顶点为 (0,1)(0,-1),并经过 (1,0)(-1,0)(1,0)(1,0)。应把它画在题目已有的倒 V 形图像上。

答题过程

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The graph of y=x1y=|x|-1 is V-shaped, symmetric about the yy-axis, with:

vertex (0,1)\text{vertex }(0,-1)

and xx-intercepts

(1,0)and(1,0).(-1,0) \qquad\text{and}\qquad (1,0).

It should be sketched on the same axes as the graph of y=a2xby=a-|2x-b|.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先用 y=x1y=|x|-1 求出两个交点的纵坐标,再代入另一条曲线。由 x=3x=-3 可直接得到 ab=8a-b=8;在 x=5x=5 处保留绝对值并分情况,即可排除不相容的分支。

答题过程

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At x=3x=-3,

y=31=2.y=|-3|-1=2.

Therefore,

2=a2(3)b=a6b=a(6+b),\begin{align*} 2=&\,a-|2(-3)-b|\\[4mm] =&\,a-|-6-b|\\[4mm] =&\,a-(6+b), \end{align*}

since b>0b>0. Hence,

ab=8.a-b=8.

At x=5x=5,

y=51=4.y=|5|-1=4.

Thus,

4=a10b10b=a4.\begin{align*} 4=&\,a-|10-b|\\[4mm] |10-b|=&\,a-4. \end{align*}

If 10b=a410-b=a-4, then

a+b=14.a+b=14.

Together with ab=8a-b=8, this gives

2a=22a=11,b=3.\begin{align*} 2a=&\,22\\[4mm] a=&\,11,\qquad b=3. \end{align*}

The other case, 10b=(a4)10-b=-(a-4), would give ab=6a-b=-6, contradicting ab=8a-b=8.

Therefore,

a=11,b=3.\boxed{a=11,\qquad b=3}.