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IAL 2024 May Q3

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

(i) The variables xx and yy are connected by the equation

y=106x3x>0y=\frac{10^6}{x^3}\qquad x>0

Sketch the graph of log10y\log_{10}y against log10x\log_{10}x

Show on your sketch the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graph with the axes.

(3)

(ii)

Figure 2 shows the linear relationship between log3N\log_3N and tt.

Show that N=abtN=ab^t where aa and bb are constants to be found.

(3)
题目中文翻译

(i) 变量 xxyy 满足方程

y=106x3x>0y=\frac{10^6}{x^3}\qquad x>0

画出 log10y\log_{10}y 关于 log10x\log_{10}x 的图像草图。

并在草图上标出该图像与坐标轴交点的坐标。

(ii)

图 2 给出了 log3N\log_3Ntt 之间的线性关系。

证明 N=abtN=ab^t,其中 aabb 是需要求出的常数。

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

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对原方程两边取常用对数,并使用对数的乘方与商法则。令横坐标为 X=log10xX=\log_{10}x、纵坐标为 Y=log10yY=\log_{10}y,即可得到一条斜率为 3-3 的直线,再分别令 X=0X=0Y=0Y=0 求截距。

答题过程

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Taking logarithms to base 1010,

log10y=log10(106x3)=log10106log10x3=63log10x.\begin{align*} \log_{10}y =&\,\log_{10}\bigg(\frac{10^6}{x^3}\bigg) \\[2mm] =&\,\log_{10}10^6-\log_{10}x^3 \\[2mm] =&\,6-3\log_{10}x. \end{align*}

Thus the graph of log10y\log_{10}y against log10x\log_{10}x is a straight line with gradient 3-3.

When log10x=0\log_{10}x=0,

log10y=6,\log_{10}y=6,

giving the intercept (0,6)(0,6).

When log10y=0\log_{10}y=0,

0=63log10x,log10x=2,\begin{align*} 0=&\,6-3\log_{10}x, \\[2mm] \log_{10}x=&\,2, \end{align*}

giving the intercept (2,0)(2,0).

The required sketch is:

(ii)

解法一

思路

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从图中读取直线经过 (2,0)(-2,0)(0,4)(0,4),先求直线方程 log3N=2t+4\log_3N=2t+4。再以 33 为底取指数,并用指数律拆成常数乘以常数的 tt 次方。

答题过程

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From Figure 2, the gradient is

400(2)=2,\frac{4-0}{0-(-2)}=2,

and the vertical intercept is 44. Hence,

log3N=2t+4.\log_3N=2t+4.

Therefore,

N=32t+4=34(32)t=81(9)t.\begin{align*} N=&\,3^{2t+4} \\[2mm] =&\,3^4\big(3^2\big)^t \\[2mm] =&\,81(9)^t. \end{align*}

Thus,

N=81(9)t,\boxed{N=81(9)^t},

where a=81a=81 and b=9b=9.