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IAL 2024 May Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y=4x7y=\sqrt{4x-7}

The line ll, shown in Figure 3, is the normal to the curve at the point P(8,5)P(8,5)

(a) Use calculus to show that an equation of ll is

5x+2y50=05x+2y-50=0
(5)

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by the curve, the xx-axis and ll.

(b) Use algebraic integration to find the exact area of RR.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题中你必须写出解题过程的所有步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

图 3 给出了曲线一部分的草图,曲线方程为

y=4x7y=\sqrt{4x-7}

图 3 所示直线 ll 是曲线在点 P(8,5)P(8,5) 处的法线。

(a) 用微积分证明 ll 的方程为

5x+2y50=05x+2y-50=0

阴影部分区域 RR 由该曲线、xx 轴和 ll 围成。

(b) 用代数积分求 RR 的精确面积。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先对曲线求导并代入 x=8x=8,得到点 PP 处切线斜率。法线斜率是切线斜率的负倒数,再用点斜式写出经过 P(8,5)P(8,5) 的法线并整理为题目指定形式。

答题过程

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Write

y=(4x7)12.y=(4x-7)^{\frac12}.

Differentiating,

dydx=12(4x7)12×4=24x7.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac12(4x-7)^{-\frac12}\times4 \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{2}{\sqrt{4x-7}}. \end{align*}

At P(8,5)P(8,5), the gradient of the tangent is

24(8)7=25.\frac{2}{\sqrt{4(8)-7}}=\frac25.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is

52.-\frac52.

Using the point-gradient form,

y5=52(x8).y-5=-\frac52(x-8).

Hence,

2y10=5x+40,5x+2y50=0.\begin{align*} 2y-10=&\,-5x+40, \\[2mm] 5x+2y-50=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus, an equation of ll is

5x+2y50=0.\boxed{5x+2y-50=0}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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曲线与 xx 轴交于 x=74x=\frac74,法线与 xx 轴交于 x=10x=10。区域 RR 可分成两部分:从 x=74x=\frac74x=8x=8 的曲线下方面积,以及从 x=8x=8x=10x=10 的法线下方三角形面积。

答题过程

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The curve meets the xx-axis when

4x7=0,\sqrt{4x-7}=0,

so x=74x=\frac74.

From the equation of ll,

y=2552x.y=25-\frac52x.

Thus ll meets the xx-axis at x=10x=10. The area under the curve from x=74x=\frac74 to x=8x=8 is

7484x7dx=[(4x7)326]748=25326=1256.\begin{align*} \int_{\frac74}^{8}\sqrt{4x-7}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\bigg[\frac{(4x-7)^{\frac32}}{6}\bigg]_{\frac74}^{8} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{25^{\frac32}}{6} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{125}{6}. \end{align*}

The remaining part is a triangle with base 108=210-8=2 and height 55, so its area is

12(2)(5)=5.\frac12(2)(5)=5.

Therefore,

Area(R)=1256+5=1556.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(R) =&\,\frac{125}{6}+5 \\[2mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{155}{6}}. \end{align*}