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IAL 2024 May Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

The curve shown in Figure 5 has equation

x=4sin2y10yπ2x=4\sin^2y-1\qquad 0\leq y\leq \frac{\pi}{2}

The point P(k,π3)P\left(k,\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right) lies on the curve.

(a) Verify that k=2k=2

(1)

(b) (i) Find dxdy\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} in terms of yy

(ii) Hence show that

dydx=12x+13x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x+1}\sqrt{3-x}}
(6)

The normal to the curve at PP cuts the xx-axis at the point NN.

(c) Find the exact area of triangle OPNOPN, where OO is the origin.

Give your answer in the form aπ+bπ2a\pi+b\pi^2 where aa and bb are constants.

(3)
题目中文翻译

图 5 所示曲线的方程为

x=4sin2y10yπ2x=4\sin^2y-1\qquad 0\leq y\leq \frac{\pi}{2}

P(k,π3)P\left(k,\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right) 在曲线上。

(a) 验证 k=2k=2

(b) (i) 求用 yy 表示的 dxdy\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}

(ii) 由此证明

dydx=12x+13x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x+1}\sqrt{3-x}}

曲线在点 PP 处的法线与 xx 轴交于点 NN

(c) 求三角形 OPNOPN 的精确面积,其中 OO 为原点。

答案写成 aπ+bπ2a\pi+b\pi^2 的形式,其中 aabb 为常数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把点 PP 的纵坐标 y=π3y=\frac{\pi}{3} 代入曲线方程,使用 sinπ3=32\sin\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} 精确计算横坐标。

答题过程

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At PP, y=π3y=\frac{\pi}{3}. Therefore,

k=4sin2(π3)1=4(32)21=2.\begin{align*} k=&\,4\sin^2\bigg(\frac{\pi}{3}\bigg)-1 \\[2mm] =&\,4\bigg(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\bigg)^2-1 \\[2mm] =&\,2. \end{align*}

Hence,

k=2.\boxed{k=2}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

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x=4sin2y1x=4\sin^2y-1 关于 yy 求导,并对 sin2y\sin^2y 使用链式法则。

答题过程

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Differentiating with respect to yy,

dxdy=4(2sinycosy)=8sinycosy.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} =&\,4(2\sin y\cos y) \\[2mm] =&\,8\sin y\cos y. \end{align*}

Thus,

dxdy=8sinycosy.\boxed{\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y} =8\sin y\cos y}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

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本小题必须承接 (b)(i)。先由曲线方程分别把 siny\sin ycosy\cos y 写成 xx 的函数,再代入 dydx=1/(dx/dy)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=1/(\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}y)。由于 0yπ20\leq y\leq\frac{\pi}{2},两个三角函数都非负,所以取正平方根。

答题过程

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From the equation of the curve,

sin2y=x+14.\sin^2y=\frac{x+1}{4}.

Since 0yπ20\leq y\leq\frac{\pi}{2},

siny=x+12.\sin y=\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{2}.

Also,

cos2y=1sin2y=1x+14=3x4,\begin{align*} \cos^2y=&\,1-\sin^2y \\[2mm] =&\,1-\frac{x+1}{4} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{3-x}{4}, \end{align*}

so

cosy=3x2.\cos y=\frac{\sqrt{3-x}}{2}.

Using the result from part (b)(i),

dydx=18sinycosy=18(x+12)(3x2)=12x+13x.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{1}{8\sin y\cos y} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{1} {8\big(\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{2}\big) \big(\frac{\sqrt{3-x}}{2}\big)} \\[2mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{1} {2\sqrt{x+1}\sqrt{3-x}}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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先用 (b)(ii) 求点 PP 处切线的斜率,再取负倒数得到法线斜率。由法线与 xx 轴的交点求出三角形底边 ONON,而高就是 PP 的纵坐标 π3\frac{\pi}{3}

答题过程

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At PP, x=2x=2. Hence the gradient of the tangent is

dydx=122+132=123.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{1} {2\sqrt{2+1}\sqrt{3-2}} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}. \end{align*}

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is 23-2\sqrt{3}. Its equation is

yπ3=23(x2).y-\frac{\pi}{3} =-2\sqrt{3}(x-2).

At NN, y=0y=0, so

π3=23(xN2),xN=2+π63.\begin{align*} -\frac{\pi}{3} =&\,-2\sqrt{3}(x_N-2), \\[2mm] x_N=&\,2+\frac{\pi}{6\sqrt{3}}. \end{align*}

Thus,

Area(OPN)=12(2+π63)(π3)=π3+π2363.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(\triangle OPN) =&\,\frac12 \bigg(2+\frac{\pi}{6\sqrt{3}}\bigg) \bigg(\frac{\pi}{3}\bigg) \\[2mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{\pi}{3} +\frac{\pi^2}{36\sqrt{3}}}. \end{align*}