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IAL 2024 Oct Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The number of bacteria on a surface is being monitored.

The number of bacteria, NN, on the surface, tt hours after monitoring began is modelled by the equation

log10N=0.35t+2\log_{10}N=0.35t+2

Use the equation of the model to answer parts (a) to (c).

(a) Find the initial number of bacteria on the surface.

(1)

(b) Show that the equation of the model can be written in the form

N=abtN=ab^t

where aa and bb are constants to be found. Give the value of bb to 2 decimal places.

(3)

(c) Hence find the rate of growth of bacteria on the surface exactly 5 hours after monitoring began.

(2)
题目中文翻译

某个表面上的细菌数量正在被监测。

监测开始后 tt 小时,表面上的细菌数量 NN 满足模型方程

log10N=0.35t+2\log_{10}N=0.35t+2

使用该模型方程回答 (a) 到 (c)。

(a) 求该表面上细菌的初始数量。

(b) 证明该模型方程可写成

N=abtN=ab^t

的形式,其中 aabb 是需要求出的常数。给出 bb 的值,精确到小数点后 2 位。

(c) 由此求监测开始后恰好 5 小时时该表面上细菌的增长速率。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

初始时刻是 t=0t=0。把它代入给出的常用对数模型,再把 log10N=2\log_{10}N=2 改写成指数形式。

答题过程

展开

At t=0t=0,

log10N=2.\log_{10}N=2.

Therefore,

N=102=100.N=10^2=100.

Hence, the initial number of bacteria is

100.\boxed{100}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

把对数方程还原为指数方程,再使用指数律将 100.35t10^{0.35t} 写成 (100.35)t(10^{0.35})^t。这样即可直接识别 aabb

答题过程

展开

From

log10N=0.35t+2,\log_{10}N=0.35t+2,

we obtain

N=100.35t+2=102×100.35t=100(100.35)t.\begin{align*} N=&\,10^{0.35t+2} \\[2mm] =&\,10^2\times10^{0.35t} \\[2mm] =&\,100\big(10^{0.35}\big)^t. \end{align*}

Now

100.35=2.23872=2.2410^{0.35}=2.23872\ldots=2.24

to 22 decimal places. Therefore,

N=100(2.24)t,\boxed{N=100(2.24)^t},

where a=100a=100 and b=2.24b=2.24.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

本小题承接 (b),对 N=100(2.24)tN=100(2.24)^t 关于 tt 求导。使用 ddtbt=(lnb)bt\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}b^t=(\ln b)b^t,再代入 t=5t=5

答题过程

展开

Using the model from part (b),

N=100(2.24)t.N=100(2.24)^t.

Differentiating with respect to tt,

dNdt=100ln(2.24)(2.24)t.\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}t} =100\ln(2.24)(2.24)^t.

At t=5t=5,

dNdt=100ln(2.24)(2.24)5=4548.11.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}t} =&\,100\ln(2.24)(2.24)^5 \\[2mm] =&\,4548.11\ldots. \end{align*}

Therefore, the rate of growth is approximately

4.55×103 bacteria per hour.\boxed{4.55\times10^3 \text{ bacteria per hour}}.