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IAL 2025 May A Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2025 May A Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

A curve CC has equation

y=5cos2x12sin2xπ<x<πy=5\cos 2x-12\sin 2x\qquad -\pi<x<\pi

The point AA with xx coordinate π3\dfrac{\pi}{3} lies on CC.

(a) Use algebraic differentiation to find the gradient of the tangent to CC at AA. Give the answer in simplest form.

(3)

(b) Express 5cos2x12sin2x5\cos 2x-12\sin 2x in the form

Rcos(2x+α)R\cos(2x+\alpha)

where R>0R>0 and 0<α<π20<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2}

Find the exact value of RR and find the value of α\alpha to 3 decimal places.

(3)

A point PP lies on CC.

Given that the gradient of the tangent to CC at PP is 66

(c) find the greatest possible value for the xx coordinate of PP. Give the answer to 2 decimal places.

(4)
题目中文翻译

在本题中,你必须写出所有推导步骤。 不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

曲线 CC 的方程为

y=5cos2x12sin2xπ<x<πy=5\cos 2x-12\sin 2x\qquad -\pi<x<\pi

AACC 上,且其 xx 坐标为 π3\dfrac{\pi}{3}

(a) 使用代数求导,求曲线 CCAA 点处切线的斜率。 答案写成最简形式。

(b) 将 5cos2x12sin2x5\cos 2x-12\sin 2x 表示为

Rcos(2x+α)R\cos(2x+\alpha)

其中 R>0R>00<α<π20<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2}

RR 的精确值,并求 α\alpha 的值,精确到小数点后 3 位。

PP 在曲线 CC 上。

已知曲线 CCPP 点处切线的斜率为 66

(c) 求 PPxx 坐标的最大可能值。 答案精确到小数点后 2 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

分别对 cos2x\cos2xsin2x\sin2x 使用链式法则求导,再代入 x=π3x=\frac{\pi}{3}。利用 sin2π3=32\sin\frac{2\pi}{3}=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}cos2π3=12\cos\frac{2\pi}{3}=-\frac12 保持答案为精确形式。

答题过程

展开

Differentiating,

dydx=10sin2x24cos2x.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-10\sin2x-24\cos2x.

At x=π3x=\dfrac{\pi}{3},

dydx=10sin(2π3)24cos(2π3)=10(32)24(12)=1253.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,-10\sin\bigg(\frac{2\pi}{3}\bigg) -24\cos\bigg(\frac{2\pi}{3}\bigg)\\ =&\,-10\bigg(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\bigg) -24\bigg(-\frac12\bigg)\\ =&\,12-5\sqrt3. \end{align*}

Therefore, the gradient is

1253.\boxed{12-5\sqrt3}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

展开 Rcos(2x+α)R\cos(2x+\alpha),再比较 cos2x\cos2xsin2x\sin2x 的系数。由 Rcosα=5R\cos\alpha=5Rsinα=12R\sin\alpha=12,使用平方和求 RR,再用正切比求 α\alpha

答题过程

展开

Expanding,

Rcos(2x+α)=Rcosαcos2xRsinαsin2x.R\cos(2x+\alpha) =R\cos\alpha\cos2x -R\sin\alpha\sin2x.

Comparing coefficients with

5cos2x12sin2x,5\cos2x-12\sin2x,

we obtain

Rcosα=5andRsinα=12.R\cos\alpha=5 \quad\text{and}\quad R\sin\alpha=12.

Therefore,

R2=52+122=169,R^2=5^2+12^2=169,

and since R>0R>0,

R=13.R=13.

Also,

tanα=125,\tan\alpha=\frac{12}{5},

so

α=arctan(125)=1.176005.\alpha=\arctan\bigg(\frac{12}{5}\bigg) =1.176005\ldots.

Hence

R=13,α=1.176.\boxed{R=13,\qquad \alpha=1.176}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

承接 (b),先对 y=13cos(2x+α)y=13\cos(2x+\alpha) 求导,再令斜率为 6。所得正弦方程在 π<x<π-\pi<x<\pi 内有多个解,必须使用通解或逐一列出分支,最后选取最大的 xx

答题过程

展开

From part (b),

y=13cos(2x+α),α=arctan(125).y=13\cos(2x+\alpha), \qquad \alpha=\arctan\bigg(\frac{12}{5}\bigg).

Therefore,

dydx=26sin(2x+α).\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-26\sin(2x+\alpha).

Setting the gradient equal to 66,

sin(2x+α)=313.\sin(2x+\alpha)=-\frac3{13}.

Let

γ=arcsin(313).\gamma=\arcsin\bigg(\frac3{13}\bigg).

The solutions are generated by

2x+α=γ+2kπ2x+\alpha=-\gamma+2k\pi

or

2x+α=π+γ+2kπ,kZ.2x+\alpha=\pi+\gamma+2k\pi, \qquad k\in\mathbb{Z}.

Within π<x<π-\pi<x<\pi, the greatest value comes from

2x+α=2πγ.2x+\alpha=2\pi-\gamma.

Hence

x=2πγα2=2πarcsin(3/13)arctan(12/5)2=2.437.\begin{align*} x=&\,\frac{2\pi-\gamma-\alpha}{2}\\ =&\,\frac{ 2\pi-\arcsin(3/13)-\arctan(12/5)} {2}\\ =&\,2.437\ldots. \end{align*}

Therefore, the greatest possible xx coordinate is

x=2.44.\boxed{x=2.44}.