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P3 2025 Oct A Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2025 Oct A Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Prove that

2cosec⁡2A−cot⁡A≡tan⁡AA≠nπ2,n∈Z2\cosec 2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A \qquad A\ne\frac{n\pi}{2},\quad n\in\mathbb{Z}
(4)

(b) Hence solve, for 0≤θ≤π20 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2}

(i)

2cosec⁡4θ−cot⁡2θ=32\cosec 4\theta - \cot 2\theta = \sqrt3

(ii)

tan⁡θ+cot⁡θ=5\tan\theta + \cot\theta = 5

Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(5)
题目中文翻译

在本题中,你必须写出所有推导步骤。 不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 证明

2cosec⁡2A−cot⁡A≡tan⁡AA≠nπ2,n∈Z2\cosec 2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A \qquad A\ne\frac{n\pi}{2},\quad n\in\mathbb{Z}

(b) 由此解出,0≤θ≤π20 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2} 时:

(i)

2cosec⁡4θ−cot⁡2θ=32\cosec 4\theta - \cot 2\theta = \sqrt3

(ii)

tan⁡θ+cot⁡θ=5\tan\theta + \cot\theta = 5

答案保留 3 位有效数字。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把余割、余切全部写成正弦和余弦,再用 sin⁡2A=2sin⁡Acos⁡A\sin2A=2\sin A\cos A。通分后,分子中的 1−cos⁡2A1-\cos^2A 可换成 sin⁡2A\sin^2A,从而化为 tan⁡A\tan A。

答题过程

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Starting with the left-hand side,

2cosec⁡2A−cot⁡A= 2sin⁡2A−cos⁡Asin⁡A= 1sin⁡Acos⁡A−cos⁡Asin⁡A= 1−cos⁡2Asin⁡Acos⁡A= sin⁡2Asin⁡Acos⁡A= sin⁡Acos⁡A= tan⁡A.\begin{align*} 2\cosec2A-\cot A =&\,\frac{2}{\sin2A}-\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}\\ =&\,\frac{1}{\sin A\cos A} -\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}\\ =&\,\frac{1-\cos^2A}{\sin A\cos A}\\ =&\,\frac{\sin^2A}{\sin A\cos A}\\ =&\,\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}\\ =&\,\tan A. \end{align*}

Therefore,

2cosec⁡2A−cot⁡A≡tan⁡A.\boxed{2\cosec2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A}.

解法二

思路

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也可以使用“中间相遇”的证明。把待证等式两边同时乘以 2sin⁡Acos⁡A2\sin A\cos A;题设排除了 A=nπ2A=\dfrac{n\pi}{2},所以这个乘数不为零。化简后两边都成为 2sin⁡2A2\sin^2A。

答题过程

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Since A≠nπ2A\ne\dfrac{n\pi}{2}, 2sin⁡Acos⁡A≠02\sin A\cos A\ne0. Multiplying both sides of the proposed identity by 2sin⁡Acos⁡A2\sin A\cos A, the left-hand side becomes

 2sin⁡Acos⁡A(2cosec⁡2A−cot⁡A)= 2−2cos⁡2A= 2sin⁡2A.\begin{align*} &\,2\sin A\cos A \big(2\cosec2A-\cot A\big)\\ =&\,2-2\cos^2A\\ =&\,2\sin^2A. \end{align*}

The right-hand side becomes

2sin⁡Acos⁡Atan⁡A= 2sin⁡Acos⁡A(sin⁡Acos⁡A)= 2sin⁡2A.\begin{align*} 2\sin A\cos A\tan A =&\,2\sin A\cos A \bigg(\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}\bigg)\\ =&\,2\sin^2A. \end{align*}

Both sides are equal, so

2cosec⁡2A−cot⁡A≡tan⁡A.\boxed{2\cosec2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

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令 (a) 中的 A=2θA=2\theta,题目左边便直接化为 tan⁡2θ\tan2\theta。再结合 0≤θ≤π20\leq\theta\leq\dfrac{\pi}{2},在对应的 0≤2θ≤π0\leq2\theta\leq\pi 内选取唯一有效解。

答题过程

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Using part (a) with A=2θA=2\theta,

2cosec⁡4θ−cot⁡2θ=tan⁡2θ.2\cosec4\theta-\cot2\theta =\tan2\theta.

Hence

tan⁡2θ=3.\tan2\theta=\sqrt3.

Since 0≤2θ≤π0\leq2\theta\leq\pi, the only solution in the required interval is

2θ=π3.2\theta=\frac{\pi}{3}.

Therefore,

θ=π6=0.523598…\theta=\frac{\pi}{6}=0.523598\ldots

and, to 3 significant figures,

θ=0.524.\boxed{\theta=0.524}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

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必须承接 (a):由恒等式可把 tan⁡θ\tan\theta 换成 2cosec⁡2θ−cot⁡θ2\cosec2\theta-\cot\theta,它与原式中的 cot⁡θ\cot\theta 抵消,得到关于 sin⁡2θ\sin2\theta 的方程。因为 2θ∈[0,π]2\theta\in[0,\pi],正弦方程有两个有效角。

答题过程

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From part (a),

tan⁡θ=2cosec⁡2θ−cot⁡θ.\tan\theta=2\cosec2\theta-\cot\theta.

Therefore,

tan⁡θ+cot⁡θ= 52cosec⁡2θ= 5sin⁡2θ= 25.\begin{align*} \tan\theta+\cot\theta=&\,5\\ 2\cosec2\theta=&\,5\\ \sin2\theta=&\,\frac25. \end{align*}

Let

β=sin⁡−1(25).\beta=\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac25\bigg).

Since 0≤2θ≤π0\leq2\theta\leq\pi,

2θ=βor2θ=π−β.2\theta=\beta \quad\text{or}\quad 2\theta=\pi-\beta.

Thus

θ= 12sin⁡−1(25)=0.205758…,θ= 12[π−sin⁡−1(25)]=1.36504…\begin{align*} \theta =&\,\frac12\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac25\bigg) =0.205758\ldots,\\ \theta =&\,\frac12\bigg[ \pi-\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac25\bigg) \bigg] =1.36504\ldots \end{align*}

Hence, to 3 significant figures,

θ=0.206orθ=1.37.\boxed{\theta=0.206 \quad\text{or}\quad \theta=1.37}.