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IAL 2025 Oct A Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2025 Oct A Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Express 10cosθ3sinθ10\cos\theta - 3\sin\theta in the form Rcos(θ+α)R\cos(\theta + \alpha), where R>0R > 0 and 0<α<900 < \alpha < 90^\circ

Give the exact value of RR and the value of α\alpha to 2 decimal places.

(3)

Alana models the height above the ground of a passenger on a Ferris wheel by the equation

H=1210cos(30t)+3sin(30t)H = 12 - 10\cos(30t^\circ) + 3\sin(30t^\circ)

where the height of the passenger above the ground is HH metres at time tt minutes after the wheel starts turning.

Use part (a) and the equation of the model to answer parts (b), (c) and (d).

(b) Calculate

(i) the maximum value of HH

(ii) the value of tt when this maximum first occurs. Give each answer to 2 decimal places.

(3)

(c) Calculate the value of tt when the passenger is 18 m above the ground for the first time. Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

(4)

(d) Determine the time taken for the Ferris wheel to complete two revolutions.

(2)
题目中文翻译

在本题中,你必须写出所有推导步骤。 不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 将 10cosθ3sinθ10\cos\theta - 3\sin\theta 表示成 Rcos(θ+α)R\cos(\theta + \alpha) 的形式,其中 R>0R > 00<α<900 < \alpha < 90^\circ

RR 的精确值,以及 α\alpha 的值,精确到小数点后 2 位。

Alana 用下式表示摩天轮上乘客离地面的高度:

H=1210cos(30t)+3sin(30t)H = 12 - 10\cos(30t^\circ) + 3\sin(30t^\circ)

其中,乘客离地面的高度为 HH 米,tt 为摩天轮开始转动后经过的分钟数。

利用 (a) 和模型方程回答 (b)、(c) 和 (d)。

(b) 计算

(i) HH 的最大值

(ii) 该最大值首次出现时的 tt 值。

两个答案都保留到小数点后 2 位。

(c) 求乘客第一次达到离地 18 m 时的 tt 值,答案保留到小数点后 2 位。

(d) 求摩天轮完成两圈所需的时间。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

展开 Rcos(θ+α)R\cos(\theta+\alpha),再分别比较 cosθ\cos\thetasinθ\sin\theta 的系数。由平方和可求 RR,由系数之比可求 α\alpha

答题过程

展开

Using the addition formula,

Rcos(θ+α)=RcosθcosαRsinθsinα.\begin{align*} R\cos(\theta+\alpha) =&\,R\cos\theta\cos\alpha\\ &\,-R\sin\theta\sin\alpha. \end{align*}

Comparing coefficients with 10cosθ3sinθ10\cos\theta-3\sin\theta gives

Rcosα=10andRsinα=3.R\cos\alpha=10 \quad\text{and}\quad R\sin\alpha=3.

Therefore,

R2=(Rcosα)2+(Rsinα)2=102+32=109.\begin{align*} R^2 =&\,(R\cos\alpha)^2+(R\sin\alpha)^2\\ =&\,10^2+3^2\\ =&\,109. \end{align*}

Since R>0R>0,

R=109.R=\sqrt{109}.

Also,

tanα=RsinαRcosα=310,\begin{align*} \tan\alpha =&\,\frac{R\sin\alpha}{R\cos\alpha}\\ =&\,\frac{3}{10}, \end{align*}

so

α=tan1(310)=16.699.\alpha=\tan^{-1}\bigg(\frac{3}{10}\bigg) =16.699\ldots^\circ.

Hence

10cosθ3sinθ=109cos(θ+16.70).\boxed{10\cos\theta-3\sin\theta =\sqrt{109}\cos(\theta+16.70^\circ)}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

利用 (a) 把模型写成单一余弦函数。由于前面有负号,当余弦值为 1-1 时,HH 取得最大值。

答题过程

展开

From part (a), the model can be written as

H=12109cos(30t+16.70).H=12-\sqrt{109} \cos(30t^\circ+16.70^\circ).

Since the minimum value of cosine is 1-1,

Hmax=12109(1)=12+109=22.440\begin{align*} H_{\max} =&\,12-\sqrt{109}(-1)\\ =&\,12+\sqrt{109}\\ =&\,22.440\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore,

Hmax=22.44 m.\boxed{H_{\max}=22.44\text{ m}}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

最大高度首次出现时,余弦的角度第一次达到 180180^\circ。把 30t+16.7030t+16.70 设为 180180,即可求出对应时间。

答题过程

展开

The maximum first occurs when

cos(30t+16.70)=1.\cos(30t^\circ+16.70^\circ)=-1.

Hence

30t+16.70=180t=18016.7030=5.443\begin{align*} 30t+16.70=&\,180\\ t=&\,\frac{180-16.70}{30}\\ =&\,5.443\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore,

t=5.44 minutes.\boxed{t=5.44\text{ minutes}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

H=18H=18,用 (a) 得到的单一余弦形式建立方程。由于角度从 16.7016.70^\circ 开始增加,第一次到达该高度对应反余弦给出的第二象限主值。

答题过程

展开

When H=18H=18,

18=12109cos(30t+16.70).18=12-\sqrt{109} \cos(30t^\circ+16.70^\circ).

Therefore,

cos(30t+16.70)=6109.\cos(30t^\circ+16.70^\circ) =-\frac{6}{\sqrt{109}}.

For the first occurrence,

30t+16.70=cos1(6109)=125.078\begin{align*} 30t+16.70 =&\,\cos^{-1}\bigg(-\frac{6}{\sqrt{109}}\bigg)\\ =&\,125.078\ldots \end{align*}

Thus

t=125.07816.7030=3.6126\begin{align*} t =&\,\frac{125.078\ldots-16.70}{30}\\ =&\,3.6126\ldots \end{align*}

Hence, to 2 decimal places,

t=3.61 minutes.\boxed{t=3.61\text{ minutes}}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

模型中的角度以每分钟 3030^\circ 增加。摩天轮转两圈对应角度增加 720720^\circ,所以用总角度除以角速度。

答题过程

展开

Two complete revolutions correspond to

2(360)=720.2(360^\circ)=720^\circ.

Therefore,

30t=720t=24.\begin{align*} 30t=&\,720\\ t=&\,24. \end{align*}

Hence the time taken is

24 minutes.\boxed{24\text{ minutes}}.