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IAL 2026 Jan A Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Show that

cot2x1+cot2xcos2x\frac{\cot^2 x}{1+\cot^2 x}\equiv \cos^2 x
(3)

(b) Hence solve, for 0x<3600\le x<360^\circ,

cot2x1+cot2x=8cos2x+2cosx\frac{\cot^2 x}{1+\cot^2 x}=8\cos 2x+2\cos x

Give each solution in degrees to one decimal place.

(5)
题目中文翻译

本题必须写出全部解题步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 证明

cot2x1+cot2xcos2x\frac{\cot^2 x}{1+\cot^2 x}\equiv \cos^2 x

(b) 由此在 0x<3600\le x<360^\circ 内解方程

cot2x1+cot2x=8cos2x+2cosx\frac{\cot^2 x}{1+\cot^2 x}=8\cos 2x+2\cos x

每个解均用角度表示,并精确到小数点后 1 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

cotx\cot x 全部改写成 cosxsinx\frac{\cos x}{\sin x},并使用

sin2x+cos2x=1\sin^2x+\cos^2x=1

即可把左边化成 cos2x\cos^2x

答题过程

展开

Starting from the left-hand side,

cot2x1+cot2x\frac{\cot^2x}{1+\cot^2x}

use

cotx=cosxsinx\cot x=\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}

Then

cot2x1+cot2x=cos2xsin2x1+cos2xsin2x=cos2xsin2xsin2x+cos2xsin2x=cos2xsin2x+cos2x=cos2x\begin{align*} \frac{\cot^2x}{1+\cot^2x} =&\,\frac{\dfrac{\cos^2x}{\sin^2x}} {1+\dfrac{\cos^2x}{\sin^2x}} \\[5mm] =&\,\frac{\dfrac{\cos^2x}{\sin^2x}} {\dfrac{\sin^2x+\cos^2x}{\sin^2x}} \\[5mm] =&\,\frac{\cos^2x}{\sin^2x+\cos^2x} \\[2mm] =&\,\cos^2x \end{align*}

Therefore

cot2x1+cot2xcos2x\boxed{\frac{\cot^2x}{1+\cot^2x}\equiv\cos^2x}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

这是 Hence 题,要使用 (a):

cot2x1+cot2x=cos2x\frac{\cot^2x}{1+\cot^2x}=\cos^2x

原方程变成

cos2x=8cos2x+2cosx\cos^2x=8\cos2x+2\cos x

然后用 cos2x=2cos2x1\cos2x=2\cos^2x-1,把方程化成只含 cosx\cos x 的二次方程。

答题过程

展开

Using part (a),

cot2x1+cot2x=cos2x\frac{\cot^2x}{1+\cot^2x}=\cos^2x

So the equation becomes

cos2x=8cos2x+2cosx\cos^2x=8\cos2x+2\cos x

Use

cos2x=2cos2x1\cos2x=2\cos^2x-1

Then

cos2x=8(2cos2x1)+2cosx=16cos2x8+2cosx\begin{align*} \cos^2x =&\,8(2\cos^2x-1)+2\cos x \\[2mm] =&\,16\cos^2x-8+2\cos x \end{align*}

Rearrange.

0=15cos2x+2cosx8\begin{align*} 0=&\,15\cos^2x+2\cos x-8 \end{align*}

Factorise.

15cos2x+2cosx8=(3cosx2)(5cosx+4)\begin{align*} 15\cos^2x+2\cos x-8 =&\,(3\cos x-2)(5\cos x+4) \end{align*}

Therefore

cosx=23orcosx=45\cos x=\frac23 \qquad\text{or}\qquad \cos x=-\frac45

For 0x<3600\leq x<360^\circ,

cosx=23\cos x=\frac23

gives

x=48.189, 311.810x=48.189\ldots^\circ,\ 311.810\ldots^\circ

and

cosx=45\cos x=-\frac45

gives

x=143.130, 216.869x=143.130\ldots^\circ,\ 216.869\ldots^\circ

Hence

x=48.2, 143.1, 216.9, 311.8\boxed{x=48.2^\circ,\ 143.1^\circ,\ 216.9^\circ,\ 311.8^\circ}

to one decimal place.