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IAL 2026 Jan A Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The value of a particular car is modelled by the formula

V=18000e0.2t+4000e0.1t+1000t0V=18000e^{-0.2t}+4000e^{-0.1t}+1000\qquad t\ge 0

where the value of the car is VV pounds when the age of the car is tt years.

A sketch of tt against VV is shown in Figure 1.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) State the range of VV.

(2)

According to this model,

(b) find the rate at which the value of the car is decreasing when t=10t=10.

Give your answer in pounds per year.

(3)

(c) Calculate the exact value of tt when V=15000V=15000 giving the answer in its simplest form.

(4)
题目中文翻译

某辆汽车的价值满足模型

V=18000e0.2t+4000e0.1t+1000t0V=18000e^{-0.2t}+4000e^{-0.1t}+1000\qquad t\ge 0

其中汽车车龄为 tt 年时,其价值为 VV 英镑。

图 1 给出了 tt 关于 VV 的草图。

本题必须写出全部解题步骤。

不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 写出 VV 的值域。

(b) 根据该模型,求当 t=10t=10 时汽车价值减少的速率。

答案单位为英镑每年。

(c) 当 V=15000V=15000 时,求 tt 的精确值,并将答案化为最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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t=0t=0 时,汽车价值最大。随着 tt 增大,两个指数项 e0.2te^{-0.2t}e0.1te^{-0.1t} 都趋近于 00,所以 VV 会趋近于 10001000,但不会等于 10001000

答题过程

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At t=0t=0,

V=18000e0+4000e0+1000=18000+4000+1000=23000\begin{align*} V=&\,18000e^0+4000e^0+1000 \\[2mm] =&\,18000+4000+1000 \\[2mm] =&\,23000 \end{align*}

As tt\to\infty,

e0.2t0ande0.1t0e^{-0.2t}\to0 \qquad\text{and}\qquad e^{-0.1t}\to0

so

V1000V\to1000

Since t0t\geq0, the maximum value is included, but V=1000V=1000 is only approached and is not reached.

Therefore the range of VV is

1000<V23000\boxed{1000<V\leq23000}

(b)

解法一

思路

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先对 VV 关于 tt 求导,得到 dVdt\frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}t},再代入 t=10t=10。由于题目问 value is decreasing 的速率,最后可以说明导数是负数,减少速率的大小是正数。

答题过程

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Differentiate VV with respect to tt.

V=18000e0.2t+4000e0.1t+1000dVdt=18000(0.2)e0.2t+4000(0.1)e0.1t=3600e0.2t400e0.1t\begin{align*} V=&\,18000e^{-0.2t}+4000e^{-0.1t}+1000 \\[2mm] \frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}t} =&\,18000(-0.2)e^{-0.2t} +4000(-0.1)e^{-0.1t} \\[2mm] =&\,-3600e^{-0.2t}-400e^{-0.1t} \end{align*}

At t=10t=10,

dVdt=3600e2400e1=634.358\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}t} =&\,-3600e^{-2}-400e^{-1} \\[2mm] =&\,-634.358\ldots \end{align*}

So the value is changing at approximately

634-634

pounds per year.

Therefore the value of the car is decreasing at a rate of

634 pounds per year\boxed{634\text{ pounds per year}}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

V=15000V=15000。由于

e0.2t=(e0.1t)2e^{-0.2t}=\left(e^{-0.1t}\right)^2

可以设

u=e0.1tu=e^{-0.1t}

把方程化成关于 uu 的二次方程。

答题过程

展开

When V=15000V=15000,

15000=18000e0.2t+4000e0.1t+100015000=18000e^{-0.2t}+4000e^{-0.1t}+1000

Rearrange.

14000=18000e0.2t+4000e0.1t14000=18000e^{-0.2t}+4000e^{-0.1t}

Divide by 20002000.

7=9e0.2t+2e0.1t7=9e^{-0.2t}+2e^{-0.1t}

Let

u=e0.1tu=e^{-0.1t}

Then

e0.2t=u2e^{-0.2t}=u^2

So

7=9u2+2u7=9u^2+2u

Hence

9u2+2u7=0(9u7)(u+1)=0\begin{align*} 9u^2+2u-7=&\,0 \\[2mm] (9u-7)(u+1)=&\,0 \end{align*}

Thus

u=79oru=1u=\frac79 \qquad\text{or}\qquad u=-1

But u=e0.1t>0u=e^{-0.1t}>0, so

e0.1t=79e^{-0.1t}=\frac79

Taking natural logarithms,

0.1t=ln(79)t=10ln(79)=10ln(97)\begin{align*} -0.1t=&\,\ln\left(\frac79\right) \\[2mm] t=&\,-10\ln\left(\frac79\right) \\[2mm] =&\,10\ln\left(\frac97\right) \end{align*}

Therefore

t=10ln(97)\boxed{t=10\ln\left(\frac97\right)}