题目
Problem
g(x)=3x−5+5sin(x2)
where x is measured in radians.
(a) Show that g(x)=0 has a root α in the interval [0.7,0.8].
(2)
(b) Show that the equation g(x)=0 can be written in the form
x=arcsin(1−px)
where p is a constant to be found.
(1)
Using the iteration formula
xn+1=arcsin(1−pxn)
with the value of p found in part (b) and starting with x1=0.7
(c) (i) find, to 4 decimal places, the value of x2
(ii) find, by repeated iteration, the value of α, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.
(3)
题目中文翻译
g(x)=3x−5+5sin(x2)
其中 x 用弧度表示。
(a) 证明方程 g(x)=0 在区间 [0.7,0.8] 内有一根 α。
(b) 证明方程 g(x)=0 可写成
x=arcsin(1−px)
的形式,其中 p 为待求常数。
利用迭代公式
xn+1=arcsin(1−pxn)
并取(b)中求得的 p 值、初值 x1=0.7,
(c) (i) 求 x2 的值,精确到小数点后 4 位;
(ii) 通过重复迭代求 α 的值,答案精确到小数点后 4 位。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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要证明区间内有根,可以用变号法。函数 g 是连续函数;如果 g(0.7) 和 g(0.8) 异号,那么在这两个点之间至少有一个根。
答题过程
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Using
g(x)=3x−5+5sin(x2)
we have
g(0.7)==3(0.7)−5+5sin(0.72)−0.5468…
and
g(0.8)==3(0.8)−5+5sin(0.82)0.3859…
So
g(0.7)<0andg(0.8)>0
Since g(x) is continuous, there is a change of sign between 0.7 and 0.8.
Therefore g(x)=0 has a root α in the interval [0.7,0.8].
(b)
解法一
思路
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从 g(x)=0 出发,把 sin(x2) 单独移到一边,再对两边取 arcsin,最后开平方。
答题过程
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From
g(x)=0
we have
3x−5+5sin(x2)=0
Hence
5sin(x2)=sin(x2)=5−3x1−53x
Taking arcsin on both sides,
x2=arcsin(1−53x)
Since the required root is positive,
x=arcsin(1−53x)
Therefore
p=53
(c)
解法一
思路
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用 (b) 得到的 p=53=0.6,代入迭代公式
xn+1=arcsin(1−0.6xn)
并从 x1=0.7 开始计算。
答题过程
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Using
p=53=0.6
the iteration formula is
xn+1=arcsin(1−0.6xn)
(i)
When x1=0.7,
x2==arcsin(1−0.6(0.7))0.786593…
Therefore
x2=0.7866
to 4 decimal places.
(ii)
Continuing the iteration gives
n1234567891011xn0.70000.78660.74590.76510.75600.76030.75830.75920.75880.75900.7589
So the iteration converges to
α=0.7589
to 4 decimal places.