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P3 2026 Jan Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

h(x)=8−3sin⁡xcos⁡x+cos⁡2x−2sin⁡2x0≤x≤2πh(x)=8-3\sin x\cos x+\cos^2x-2\sin^2x\qquad 0\le x\le 2\pi

(a) Write h(x)h(x) in the form

P+Rsin⁡(2x+α)P+R\sin(2x+\alpha)

where PP, RR and α\alpha are positive constants, 0<α<π20<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2}.

Give the exact values of PP and RR and give the value of α\alpha, in radians, to 3 decimal places.

(6)

Figure 2 is a sketch of the curve with equation y=h(x)y=h(x).

(b) State the range of hh.

(1)

The point MM, shown in Figure 2, is the minimum point on the curve with the largest xx coordinate.

(c) Find the xx coordinate of MM.

(Solutions based entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(2)
题目中文翻译 h(x)=8−3sin⁡xcos⁡x+cos⁡2x−2sin⁡2x0≤x≤2πh(x)=8-3\sin x\cos x+\cos^2x-2\sin^2x\qquad 0\le x\le 2\pi

(a) 将 h(x)h(x) 写成

P+Rsin⁡(2x+α)P+R\sin(2x+\alpha)

的形式,其中 P,R,αP,R,\alpha 为正常数,且 0<α<π20<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2}。

写出 PP 与 RR 的精确值,并将 α\alpha 的弧度值保留到小数点后 3 位。

图 2 是曲线 y=h(x)y=h(x) 的草图。

(b) 写出 hh 的值域。

图中点 MM 是这条曲线上 xx 坐标最大的极小值点。

(c) 求点 MM 的 xx 坐标。

(不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

目标是写成 P+Rsin⁡(2x+α)P+R\sin(2x+\alpha)。先把原式化成 sin⁡2x\sin 2x 与 cos⁡2x\cos 2x 的线性组合:

Asin⁡2x+Bcos⁡2x+CA\sin 2x+B\cos 2x+C

然后展开

Rsin⁡(2x+α)=Rsin⁡2xcos⁡α+Rcos⁡2xsin⁡αR\sin(2x+\alpha) =R\sin2x\cos\alpha+R\cos2x\sin\alpha

比较系数,求出 RR 和 α\alpha。

答题过程

展开

We have

h(x)=8+3sin⁡x(cos⁡x−2sin⁡x)h(x)=8+3\sin x(\cos x-2\sin x)

so

h(x)= 8+3sin⁡xcos⁡x−6sin⁡2x= 8+32sin⁡2x−3(1−cos⁡2x)= 5+32sin⁡2x+3cos⁡2x\begin{align*} h(x) =&\,8+3\sin x\cos x-6\sin^2x \\[2mm] =&\,8+\frac{3}{2}\sin2x-3(1-\cos2x) \\[2mm] =&\,5+\frac{3}{2}\sin2x+3\cos2x \end{align*}

Now write

32sin⁡2x+3cos⁡2x=Rsin⁡(2x+α)\frac{3}{2}\sin2x+3\cos2x =R\sin(2x+\alpha)

Expanding the right-hand side,

Rsin⁡(2x+α)= R(sin⁡2xcos⁡α+cos⁡2xsin⁡α)= Rcos⁡αsin⁡2x+Rsin⁡αcos⁡2x\begin{align*} R\sin(2x+\alpha) =&\,R(\sin2x\cos\alpha+\cos2x\sin\alpha) \\[2mm] =&\,R\cos\alpha\sin2x+R\sin\alpha\cos2x \end{align*}

Comparing coefficients of sin⁡2x\sin2x and cos⁡2x\cos2x,

Rcos⁡α=32,Rsin⁡α=3R\cos\alpha=\frac{3}{2}, \qquad R\sin\alpha=3

Hence

R2= (32)2+32= 94+364= 454\begin{align*} R^2 =&\,\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+3^2 \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{9}{4}+\frac{36}{4} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{45}{4} \end{align*}

Since RR is positive,

R=352R=\frac{3\sqrt5}{2}

Also,

tan⁡α=Rsin⁡αRcos⁡α=332=2\tan\alpha =\frac{R\sin\alpha}{R\cos\alpha} =\frac{3}{\frac32} =2

Since 0<α<π20<\alpha<\dfrac{\pi}{2},

α=tan⁡−12=1.107 radians to 3 d.p.\alpha=\tan^{-1}2=1.107\text{ radians to 3 d.p.}

Therefore

h(x)=5+352sin⁡(2x+1.107)\boxed{h(x)=5+\frac{3\sqrt5}{2}\sin(2x+1.107)}

So

P=5,R=352,α=1.107\boxed{P=5,\qquad R=\frac{3\sqrt5}{2},\qquad \alpha=1.107}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

由 (a) 得到

h(x)=5+352sin⁡(2x+α)h(x)=5+\frac{3\sqrt5}{2}\sin(2x+\alpha)

因为正弦函数的范围是 [−1,1][-1,1],所以 h(x)h(x) 的最大值和最小值分别是中心值 55 加减振幅 352\frac{3\sqrt5}{2}。

答题过程

展开

Since

−1≤sin⁡(2x+α)≤1-1\leq \sin(2x+\alpha)\leq 1

we have

−352≤352sin⁡(2x+α)≤352-\frac{3\sqrt5}{2} \leq \frac{3\sqrt5}{2}\sin(2x+\alpha) \leq \frac{3\sqrt5}{2}

Therefore the range of hh is

5−352≤h(x)≤5+352\boxed{ 5-\frac{3\sqrt5}{2} \leq h(x)\leq 5+\frac{3\sqrt5}{2} }

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

极小值出现于

sin⁡(2x+α)=−1\sin(2x+\alpha)=-1

也就是

2x+α=3π2,7π2,…2x+\alpha=\frac{3\pi}{2},\frac{7\pi}{2},\ldots

题目要的是 0≤x≤2π0\le x\le2\pi 内 xx 坐标最大的极小值点,所以要取较大的那个极小值。

答题过程

展开

Minimum points occur when

sin⁡(2x+α)=−1\sin(2x+\alpha)=-1

For the minimum point with the largest xx coordinate in 0≤x≤2π0\leq x\leq2\pi,

2x+α=7π22x+\alpha=\frac{7\pi}{2}

Using α=tan⁡−12\alpha=\tan^{-1}2,

2x+tan⁡−12= 7π22x= 7π2−tan⁡−12x= 12(7π2−tan⁡−12)\begin{align*} 2x+\tan^{-1}2=&\,\frac{7\pi}{2} \\[2mm] 2x=&\,\frac{7\pi}{2}-\tan^{-1}2 \\[2mm] x=&\,\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{7\pi}{2}-\tan^{-1}2\right) \end{align*}

Therefore

x=4.94 to 3 s.f.\boxed{x=4.94\text{ to 3 s.f.}}