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IAL 2020 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

(a) Find

lnxx2dx\int \frac{\ln x}{x^2}\,dx
(3)

Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y=3+2x+lnxx2x>0.5y=\frac{3+2x+\ln x}{x^2}\qquad x>0.5

The finite region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by the curve, the line with equation x=2x=2, the xx-axis and the line with equation x=4x=4

(b) Use the answer to part (a) to find the exact area of RR, writing your answer in simplest form.

(4)
题目中文翻译

(a) 求

lnxx2dx\int \frac{\ln x}{x^2}\,dx

图 3 给出了曲线一部分的草图,其方程为

y=3+2x+lnxx2x>0.5y=\frac{3+2x+\ln x}{x^2}\qquad x>0.5

图 3 中阴影所示的有限区域 RR 由该曲线、方程为 x=2x=2 的直线、xx 轴以及方程为 x=4x=4 的直线围成。

(b) 利用第 (a) 问的答案求 RR 的精确面积,并将答案写成最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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使用分部积分:把 lnx\ln x 作为需要求导的部分,把 x2x^{-2} 作为需要积分的部分。所得剩余积分仍是简单幂函数,最后补上积分常数。

答题过程

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Using integration by parts, let

u=lnx,dv=x2dx.\begin{align*} u =&\,\ln x,\\ \mathrm{d}v =&\,x^{-2}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Then

du=1xdx,v=x1.\begin{align*} \mathrm{d}u =&\,\frac{1}{x}\,\mathrm{d}x,\\ v =&\,-x^{-1}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

lnxx2dx=lnxx+x2dx=lnxx1x+c.\begin{align*} \int\frac{\ln x}{x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,-\frac{\ln x}{x} +\int x^{-2}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,-\frac{\ln x}{x}-\frac1x+c. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),先把曲线方程拆成三个较简单的项。对含 lnx\ln x 的一项直接使用 (a) 的结果,再以 2244 为上下限计算面积,最后用 ln4=2ln2\ln4=2\ln2 化简。

答题过程

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First,

3+2x+lnxx2=3x2+2x1+x2lnx.\frac{3+2x+\ln x}{x^2} =3x^{-2}+2x^{-1}+x^{-2}\ln x.

Using the result from part (a),

G(x)=4x+2lnxlnxx.\begin{align*} G(x) =&\,-\frac4x+2\ln x\\ -&\,\frac{\ln x}{x}. \end{align*}

Therefore, an antiderivative of the curve is G(x)G(x), and

Area(R)=243+2x+lnxx2dx=[G(x)]24.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(R) =&\,\int_2^4 \frac{3+2x+\ln x}{x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\big[G(x)\big]_2^4. \end{align*}

Also,

G(4)=1+2ln414ln4,G(2)=2+2ln212ln2.\begin{align*} G(4) =&\,-1+2\ln4-\frac14\ln4,\\ G(2) =&\,-2+2\ln2-\frac12\ln2. \end{align*}

Hence,

Area(R)=G(4)G(2)=1+2ln2.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(R) =&\,G(4)-G(2)\\ =&\,1+2\ln2. \end{align*}

Hence the exact area is

1+2ln2.\boxed{1+2\ln2}.