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P4 2021 June Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

(a) Given that y=1y=1 at x=0x=0, solve the differential equation

dydx= 6xy1/3e2x y≥0\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=&\,\frac{6xy^{1/3}}{e^{2x}}\\ &\,y\geq 0 \end{align*}

giving your answer in the form y2=g(x)y^2=g(x).

(7)

(b) Hence find the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the curve with equation y2=g(x)y^2=g(x).

(2)
题目中文翻译

(a) 已知当 x=0x=0 时 y=1y=1,求微分方程

dydx= 6xy1/3e2x y≥0\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=&\,\frac{6xy^{1/3}}{e^{2x}}\\ &\,y\geq 0 \end{align*}

的解,并将答案写成 y2=g(x)y^2=g(x) 的形式。

(7)

(b) 进而求方程为 y2=g(x)y^2=g(x) 的曲线的水平渐近线方程。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先把方程写成 y−1/3 dy=6xe−2x dxy^{-1/3}\,\mathrm{d}y=6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x。右侧需要分部积分;完成积分并代入初值后,先得到 y2/3y^{2/3},最后两边立方以符合 y2=g(x)y^2=g(x) 的指定形式。

答题过程

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The differential equation may be written as

dydx=6xy1/3e−2x.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =6xy^{1/3}e^{-2x}.

Separating the variables gives

y−1/3 dy=6xe−2x dx.y^{-1/3}\,\mathrm{d}y =6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Hence,

32y2/3=∫6xe−2x dx+C.\frac32y^{2/3} =\int6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x+C.

To evaluate the integral, use integration by parts with

u= 6x,dv= e−2x dx.\begin{align*} u=&\,6x,\\ \mathrm{d}v=&\,e^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Then

du= 6 dx,v= −12e−2x.\begin{align*} \mathrm{d}u=&\,6\,\mathrm{d}x,\\ v=&\,-\frac12e^{-2x}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

 ∫6xe−2x dx= −3xe−2x +3∫e−2x dx= −3xe−2x−32e−2x.\begin{align*} &\,\int6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,-3xe^{-2x}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+3\int e^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,-3xe^{-2x}-\frac32e^{-2x}. \end{align*}

Thus,

 32y2/3= −3xe−2x −32e−2x+C.\begin{align*} &\,\frac32y^{2/3}\\ =&\,-3xe^{-2x}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-\frac32e^{-2x}+C. \end{align*}

Using y=1y=1 when x=0x=0,

32=−32+C,\frac32=-\frac32+C,

so C=3C=3. Therefore,

 32y2/3= −3xe−2x −32e−2x+3, y2/3= −2xe−2x−e−2x+2.\begin{align*} &\,\frac32y^{2/3}\\ =&\,-3xe^{-2x}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-\frac32e^{-2x}+3,\\ &\,y^{2/3}\\ =&\,-2xe^{-2x}-e^{-2x}+2. \end{align*}

Cubing both sides gives the required form

y2=(2−(2x+1)e−2x)3.\boxed{ \begin{aligned} &y^2\\ =&\big(2-(2x+1)e^{-2x}\big)^3 \end{aligned} }.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),当 x→∞x\to\infty 时,e−2x→0e^{-2x}\to0,而 xe−2x→0xe^{-2x}\to0,所以 y2→8y^2\to8。结合题设 y≥0y\geq0,取正平方根得到水平渐近线。

答题过程

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As x→∞x\to\infty,

e−2x→0e^{-2x}\to0

and

xe−2x→0.xe^{-2x}\to0.

Therefore, from part (a),

y2→23=8.y^2\to2^3=8.

Since y≥0y\geq0, it follows that y→8=22y\to\sqrt8=2\sqrt2. Hence the horizontal asymptote is

y=22.\boxed{y=2\sqrt2}.