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IAL 2021 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Use algebraic integration and the substitution u=xu=\sqrt{x} to find the exact value of

14105x+2xxdx\int_1^4 \frac{10}{5x+2x\sqrt{x}}\,dx

Write your answer in the form 4ln(ab)4\ln\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right), where aa and bb are integers to be found.

(Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(8)
题目中文翻译

使用代数积分,并令 u=xu=\sqrt{x},求下式的精确值:

14105x+2xxdx\int_1^4 \frac{10}{5x+2x\sqrt{x}}\,dx

将答案写成 4ln(ab)4\ln\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right) 的形式,其中 a,ba,b 为待求整数。

(完全依赖计算器技术的解法不接受。)

解答

解法一

思路

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按题意令 u=xu=\sqrt{x},把 xxdx\mathrm{d}x 和积分上下限全部改写为 uu。所得有理式可拆成两个简单分式,积分后代入新上下限,再用对数运算法则整理成指定形式。

答题过程

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Let

u=x.u=\sqrt{x}.

Then x=u2x=u^2 and dx=2udu\mathrm{d}x=2u\,\mathrm{d}u. The limits become

x=1u=1,x=4u=2.x=1\Rightarrow u=1, \qquad x=4\Rightarrow u=2.

Therefore,

I=14105x+2xxdx.I=\int_1^4\frac{10}{5x+2x\sqrt{x}}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Then

I=12105u2+2u3(2u)du=1220u(5+2u)du.\begin{align*} I =&\,\int_1^2 \frac{10}{5u^2+2u^3}(2u)\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\int_1^2\frac{20}{u(5+2u)}\,\mathrm{d}u. \end{align*}

Using partial fractions,

20u(5+2u)=4u85+2u.\begin{align*} \frac{20}{u(5+2u)} =&\,\frac{4}{u}\\ -&\,\frac{8}{5+2u}. \end{align*}

Hence,

I=[4lnu4ln(5+2u)]12=4ln24ln9+4ln7=4ln(149).\begin{align*} I =&\,\left[4\ln u-4\ln(5+2u)\right]_1^2\\ =&\,4\ln2-4\ln9+4\ln7\\ =&\,\boxed{4\ln\left(\frac{14}{9}\right)}. \end{align*}

Thus a=14a=14 and b=9b=9.