Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2021 June Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A curve has equation

y2=ye2x3xy^2=ye^{-2x}-3x

(a) Show that

dydx=2ye2x+3e2x2y\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{2ye^{-2x}+3}{e^{-2x}-2y}
(4)

The curve crosses the yy-axis at the origin and at the point PP.

The tangent to the curve at the origin and the tangent to the curve at PP meet at the point RR.

(b) Find the coordinates of RR.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一条曲线的方程为

y2=ye2x3xy^2=ye^{-2x}-3x

(a) 证明

dydx=2ye2x+3e2x2y\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{2ye^{-2x}+3}{e^{-2x}-2y}

该曲线与 yy 轴相交于原点和点 PP

该曲线在原点处的切线和在点 PP 处的切线交于点 RR

(b) 求点 RR 的坐标。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

方程两边都含有 yy,因此对 xx 作隐函数求导。对 ye2xye^{-2x} 使用乘积法则,再把所有含有 dydx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} 的项移到同一边并提取公因式。

答题过程

展开

Differentiating implicitly with respect to xx gives

2ydydx=e2xdydx2ye2x3.\begin{align*} 2y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,e^{-2x}\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2ye^{-2x}-3. \end{align*}

Hence,

(e2x2y)dydx=2ye2x+3,dydx=2ye2x+3e2x2y,\begin{align*} \left(e^{-2x}-2y\right)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,2ye^{-2x}+3,\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\boxed{\frac{2ye^{-2x}+3}{e^{-2x}-2y}}, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先令 x=0x=0 求出曲线与 yy 轴的两个交点,从而确定 PP。然后把原点和 PP 的坐标分别代入 (a) 的导数公式,求出两条切线方程,最后联立求交点 RR

答题过程

展开

At the yy-axis, x=0x=0, so the equation of the curve becomes

y2=y.y^2=y.

Thus y=0y=0 or y=1y=1, and hence

P=(0,1).P=(0,1).

At the origin,

dydx=31=3,\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{3}{1}=3,

so the tangent is

y=3x.y=3x.

At P=(0,1)P=(0,1),

dydx=2+312=5,\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{2+3}{1-2}=-5,

so the tangent is

y1=5x,y-1=-5x,

or y=15xy=1-5x. At their point of intersection,

3x=15x,3x=1-5x,

so

x=18,y=38.x=\frac18, \qquad y=\frac38.

Therefore,

R=(18,38).\boxed{R=\left(\frac18,\frac38\right)}.