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IAL 2021 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve CC with parametric equations

x=2cos2ty=4sint0tπ2x=2\cos 2t \qquad y=4\sin t \qquad 0\leq t\leq \frac{\pi}{2}

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by the curve, the xx-axis and the yy-axis.

(a) (i) Show, making your working clear, that the area of RR =

0π432sin2tcostdt\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} 32\sin^2 t\cos t\,dt

(ii) Hence find, by algebraic integration, the exact value of the area of RR.

(6)

(b) Show that all points on CC satisfy y=ax+by=\sqrt{ax+b}, where aa and bb are constants to be found.

(3)

The curve CC has equation y=f(x)y=f(x) where ff is the function

f(x)=ax+b2x2f(x)=\sqrt{ax+b}\qquad -2\leq x\leq 2

and aa and bb are the constants found in part (b).

(c) State the range of ff.

(1)
题目中文翻译

图 3 给出了曲线 CC 的草图,其参数方程为

x=2cos2ty=4sint0tπ2x=2\cos 2t \qquad y=4\sin t \qquad 0\leq t\leq \frac{\pi}{2}

图 3 中阴影部分所示区域 RR 由曲线、xx 轴和 yy 轴围成。

(a) (i) 清楚写出你的过程,证明区域 RR 的面积为

0π432sin2tcostdt\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} 32\sin^2 t\cos t\,dt

(ii) 进而通过代数积分求出区域 RR 的精确面积。

(b) 证明曲线 CC 上所有点都满足 y=ax+by=\sqrt{ax+b},其中 a,ba,b 为待求常数。

曲线 CC 的方程为 y=f(x)y=f(x),其中 ff 为函数

f(x)=ax+b2x2f(x)=\sqrt{ax+b}\qquad -2\leq x\leq 2

a,ba,b 为第 (b) 问求得的常数。

(c) 写出 ff 的值域。

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

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区域 RR 位于第一象限。曲线从 x=2x=2t=0t=0 走到 x=0x=0t=π4t=\frac{\pi}{4},而计算 02ydx\int_0^2y\,\mathrm{d}x 时方向相反,因此参数积分的上下限是 π4\frac{\pi}{4}00。代入 yydxdt\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t} 后再反转上下限。

答题过程

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The curve meets the xx-axis when t=0t=0, where x=2x=2, and it meets the yy-axis when

2cos2t=0.2\cos2t=0.

On the given interval, this gives t=π4t=\frac{\pi}{4}. Also,

dxdt=4sin2t.\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=-4\sin2t.

Therefore,

Area(R)=02ydx=π/40ydxdtdt=π/40(4sint)(4sin2t)dt=0π/416sintsin2tdt=0π/432sin2tcostdt,\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(R) =&\,\int_0^2 y\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\int_{\pi/4}^{0} y\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}\,\mathrm{d}t\\ =&\,\int_{\pi/4}^{0} (4\sin t)(-4\sin2t)\,\mathrm{d}t\\ =&\,\int_0^{\pi/4} 16\sin t\sin2t\,\mathrm{d}t\\ =&\,\boxed{ \int_0^{\pi/4}32\sin^2t\cos t\,\mathrm{d}t }, \end{align*}

using sin2t=2sintcost\sin2t=2\sin t\cos t, as required.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a)(i),被积函数中 cost\cos tsint\sin t 的导数,因此可直接把积分看成 sin3t\sin^3t 的导数,或令 u=sintu=\sin t

答题过程

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Using the result from part (a)(i),

Area(R)=0π/432sin2tcostdt=[323sin3t]0π/4=323(22)3=823.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(R) =&\,\int_0^{\pi/4} 32\sin^2t\cos t\,\mathrm{d}t\\ =&\,\bigg[\frac{32}{3}\sin^3t\bigg]_0^{\pi/4}\\ =&\,\frac{32}{3} \bigg(\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\bigg)^3\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{8\sqrt2}{3}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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cos2t=12sin2t\cos2t=1-2\sin^2t 联系两个参数方程,并分别代入 cos2t=x/2\cos2t=x/2sint=y/4\sin t=y/4。整理出 y2y^2 后,由题设参数范围可知 y0y\geq0,所以取正平方根。

答题过程

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Using cos2t=12sin2t\cos2t=1-2\sin^2t,

x2=12(y4)2.\frac{x}{2} =1-2\bigg(\frac{y}{4}\bigg)^2.

Therefore,

x2=1y28,y2=84x.\begin{align*} \frac{x}{2} =&\,1-\frac{y^2}{8},\\ y^2 =&\,8-4x. \end{align*}

Since 0tπ20\leq t\leq\frac{\pi}{2}, we have y=4sint0y=4\sin t\geq0. Hence,

y=84x.\boxed{y=\sqrt{8-4x}}.

Thus a=4a=-4 and b=8b=8.

解法二

思路

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官方替代路线直接把参数方程代入 y2=ax+by^2=ax+b,再用倍角公式把两边都写成 cos2t\cos2t 的一次式。比较常数项与 cos2t\cos2t 的系数即可求出 a,ba,b

答题过程

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Substituting x=2cos2tx=2\cos2t and y=4sinty=4\sin t into y2=ax+by^2=ax+b gives

16sin2t=2acos2t+b.16\sin^2t=2a\cos2t+b.

Since

sin2t=1cos2t2,\sin^2t=\frac{1-\cos2t}{2},

we obtain

88cos2t=2acos2t+b.8-8\cos2t=2a\cos2t+b.

Comparing the constant terms and the coefficients of cos2t\cos2t gives

b=8b=8

and

2a=8a=4.2a=-8 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad a=-4.

As y0y\geq0 on the given parameter interval,

y=84x.\boxed{y=\sqrt{8-4x}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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2x2-2\leq x\leq2 上,84x8-4x1616 减少到 00。平方根取非负值,因此函数的最小值为 00、最大值为 44

答题过程

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From part (b),

f(x)=84x,2x2.\mathrm{f}(x)=\sqrt{8-4x}, \qquad -2\leq x\leq2.

At the endpoints,

f(2)=4\mathrm{f}(-2)=4

and

f(2)=0.\mathrm{f}(2)=0.

Therefore, the range of f\mathrm{f} is

0f(x)4.\boxed{0\leq\mathrm{f}(x)\leq4}.