题目
Problem
(a) Given that y=1 at x=0, solve the differential equation
dxdy=e2x6xy1/3y≥0
giving your answer in the form y2=g(x).
(7)
(b) Hence find the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the curve with equation y2=g(x).
(2)
题目中文翻译
(a) 已知当 x=0 时 y=1,求微分方程
dxdy=e2x6xy1/3y≥0
的解,并将答案写成 y2=g(x) 的形式。
(b) 进而求方程为 y2=g(x) 的曲线的水平渐近线方程。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先把方程写成 y−1/3dy=6xe−2xdx。右侧需要分部积分;完成积分并代入初值后,先得到 y2/3,最后两边立方以符合 y2=g(x) 的指定形式。
答题过程
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The differential equation may be written as
dxdy=6xy1/3e−2x.
Separating the variables gives
y−1/3dy=6xe−2xdx.
Hence,
23y2/3=∫6xe−2xdx+C.
To evaluate the integral, use integration by parts with
u=6x,dv=e−2xdx.
Then
du=6dx,v=−21e−2x.
Therefore,
∫6xe−2xdx==−3xe−2x+3∫e−2xdx−3xe−2x−23e−2x.
Thus,
23y2/3=−3xe−2x−23e−2x+C.
Using y=1 when x=0,
23=−23+C,
so C=3. Therefore,
23y2/3=y2/3=−3xe−2x−23e−2x+3,−2xe−2x−e−2x+2.
Cubing both sides gives the required form
y2=(2−(2x+1)e−2x)3.
(b)
解法一
思路
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承接 (a),当 x→∞ 时,e−2x→0,而 xe−2x→0,所以 y2→8。结合题设 y≥0,取正平方根得到水平渐近线。
答题过程
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As x→∞,
e−2x→0
and
xe−2x→0.
Therefore, from part (a),
y2→23=8.
Since y≥0, it follows that y→8=22. Hence the horizontal asymptote is
y=22.