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IAL 2021 June Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

(a) Given that y=1y=1 at x=0x=0, solve the differential equation

dydx=6xy1/3e2xy0\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{6xy^{1/3}}{e^{2x}}\qquad y\geq 0

giving your answer in the form y2=g(x)y^2=g(x).

(7)

(b) Hence find the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the curve with equation y2=g(x)y^2=g(x).

(2)
题目中文翻译

(a) 已知当 x=0x=0y=1y=1,求微分方程

dydx=6xy1/3e2xy0\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{6xy^{1/3}}{e^{2x}}\qquad y\geq 0

的解,并将答案写成 y2=g(x)y^2=g(x) 的形式。

(b) 进而求方程为 y2=g(x)y^2=g(x) 的曲线的水平渐近线方程。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先把方程写成 y1/3dy=6xe2xdxy^{-1/3}\,\mathrm{d}y=6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x。右侧需要分部积分;完成积分并代入初值后,先得到 y2/3y^{2/3},最后两边立方以符合 y2=g(x)y^2=g(x) 的指定形式。

答题过程

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The differential equation may be written as

dydx=6xy1/3e2x.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =6xy^{1/3}e^{-2x}.

Separating the variables gives

y1/3dy=6xe2xdx.y^{-1/3}\,\mathrm{d}y =6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Hence,

32y2/3=6xe2xdx+C.\frac32y^{2/3} =\int6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x+C.

To evaluate the integral, use integration by parts with

u=6x,dv=e2xdx.u=6x, \qquad \mathrm{d}v=e^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Then

du=6dx,v=12e2x.\mathrm{d}u=6\,\mathrm{d}x, \qquad v=-\frac12e^{-2x}.

Therefore,

6xe2xdx=3xe2x+3e2xdx=3xe2x32e2x.\begin{align*} \int6xe^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,-3xe^{-2x} +3\int e^{-2x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,-3xe^{-2x}-\frac32e^{-2x}. \end{align*}

Thus,

32y2/3=3xe2x32e2x+C.\frac32y^{2/3} =-3xe^{-2x}-\frac32e^{-2x}+C.

Using y=1y=1 when x=0x=0,

32=32+C,\frac32=-\frac32+C,

so C=3C=3. Therefore,

32y2/3=3xe2x32e2x+3,y2/3=2xe2xe2x+2.\begin{align*} \frac32y^{2/3} =&\,-3xe^{-2x}-\frac32e^{-2x}+3,\\ y^{2/3} =&\,-2xe^{-2x}-e^{-2x}+2. \end{align*}

Cubing both sides gives the required form

y2=(2(2x+1)e2x)3.\boxed{ y^2=\big(2-(2x+1)e^{-2x}\big)^3 }.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),当 xx\to\infty 时,e2x0e^{-2x}\to0,而 xe2x0xe^{-2x}\to0,所以 y28y^2\to8。结合题设 y0y\geq0,取正平方根得到水平渐近线。

答题过程

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As xx\to\infty,

e2x0e^{-2x}\to0

and

xe2x0.xe^{-2x}\to0.

Therefore, from part (a),

y223=8.y^2\to2^3=8.

Since y0y\geq0, it follows that y8=22y\to\sqrt8=2\sqrt2. Hence the horizontal asymptote is

y=22.\boxed{y=2\sqrt2}.