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IAL 2021 Oct Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with equation

y=16sin2x(3+4sinx)20xπ2y=\frac{16\sin 2x}{(3+4\sin x)^2}\qquad 0\leq x\leq \frac{\pi}{2}

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by the curve, the xx-axis and the line with equation x=π6x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}

Using the substitution u=3+4sinxu=3+4\sin x, show that the area of RR can be written in the form a+lnba+\ln b, where aa and bb are rational constants to be found.

(7)
题目中文翻译

本题你必须写出所有计算步骤。

不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。

图 2 给出了曲线的草图,其方程为

y=16sin2x(3+4sinx)20xπ2y=\frac{16\sin 2x}{(3+4\sin x)^2}\qquad 0\leq x\leq \frac{\pi}{2}

图 2 中阴影部分所示区域 RR 由该曲线、xx 轴以及直线 x=π6x=\dfrac{\pi}{6} 围成。

使用代换 u=3+4sinxu=3+4\sin x,证明区域 RR 的面积可写成 a+lnba+\ln b 的形式,其中 a,ba,b 为待求有理常数。

解答

解法一

思路

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区域位于 x=π6x=\frac{\pi}{6} 与曲线在 x=π2x=\frac{\pi}{2} 的零点之间。先用 sin2x=2sinxcosx\sin2x=2\sin x\cos x 整理被积函数,再作题目指定的代换 u=3+4sinxu=3+4\sin x,同时把上下限由 xx 转换为 uu

答题过程

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The required area is

A=π/6π/216sin2x(3+4sinx)2dx.A=\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/2} \frac{16\sin2x}{(3+4\sin x)^2} \,\mathrm{d}x.

Using sin2x=2sinxcosx\sin2x=2\sin x\cos x,

A=π/6π/232sinxcosx(3+4sinx)2dx.A=\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/2} \frac{32\sin x\cos x}{(3+4\sin x)^2} \,\mathrm{d}x.

Let

u=3+4sinx.u=3+4\sin x.

Then

du=4cosxdx\mathrm{d}u=4\cos x\,\mathrm{d}x

and

sinx=u34.\sin x=\frac{u-3}{4}.

The limits become

xu=3+4sinxπ65π27\begin{array}{c|c} x & u=3+4\sin x\\ \hline \frac{\pi}{6} & 5\\ \frac{\pi}{2} & 7 \end{array}

Therefore,

A=5732(u34)u214du=572(u3)u2du=57(2u6u2)du=[2lnu+6u]57=2ln7+672ln565=2ln(75)1235=1235+ln(4925).\begin{align*} A =&\,\int_5^7 \frac{32\big(\frac{u-3}{4}\big)}{u^2} \cdot\frac14\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\int_5^7\frac{2(u-3)}{u^2}\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\int_5^7 \bigg(\frac2u-\frac6{u^2}\bigg)\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\bigg[2\ln u+\frac6u\bigg]_5^7\\ =&\,2\ln7+\frac67-2\ln5-\frac65\\ =&\,2\ln\bigg(\frac75\bigg)-\frac{12}{35}\\ =&\,\boxed{ -\frac{12}{35}+\ln\bigg(\frac{49}{25}\bigg) }. \end{align*}

Thus the area has the required form a+lnba+\ln b, where

a=1235,b=4925.\boxed{ a=-\frac{12}{35}, \qquad b=\frac{49}{25} }.