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IAL 2021 Oct Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Find

x2lnxdx\int x^2\ln x\,dx
(3)

Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y=xlnxx>0y=x\ln x \qquad x>0

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, lies entirely above the xx-axis and is bounded by the curve, the xx-axis and the line with equation x=ex=e.

This region is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis to form a solid of revolution.

(b) Find the exact volume of the solid formed, giving your answer in simplest form.

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题你必须写出所有计算步骤。

不接受依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 求

x2lnxdx\int x^2\ln x\,dx

图 3 给出了曲线一部分的草图,其方程为

y=xlnxx>0y=x\ln x \qquad x>0

图 3 中阴影部分所示区域 RR 完全位于 xx 轴上方,并由该曲线、xx 轴和直线 x=ex=e 围成。

将该区域绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度,形成一个旋转体。

(b) 求所形成立体的精确体积,并将答案写成最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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使用分部积分,把 lnx\ln x 作为求导部分、x2x^2 作为积分部分。这样求导后会出现 1/x1/x,使剩余积分化为简单的幂函数积分。

答题过程

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Using integration by parts, take

u=lnx,dv=x2dx.u=\ln x, \qquad \mathrm{d}v=x^2\,\mathrm{d}x.

Then

du=1xdx,v=x33.\mathrm{d}u=\frac{1}{x}\,\mathrm{d}x, \qquad v=\frac{x^3}{3}.

Therefore,

x2lnxdx=x33lnxx331xdx=x33lnx13x2dx=x33lnxx39+C.\begin{align*} \int x^2\ln x\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac{x^3}{3}\ln x -\int\frac{x^3}{3}\cdot\frac1x\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac{x^3}{3}\ln x -\frac13\int x^2\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\boxed{ \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x-\frac{x^3}{9}+C }. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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曲线与 xx 轴相交于 x=1x=1,所以旋转体体积为 π1e(xlnx)2dx\pi\int_1^e(x\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x。对 x2(lnx)2dx\int x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x 作分部积分,并用 (a) 的结果处理余下积分。

答题过程

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The curve meets the xx-axis when

xlnx=0.x\ln x=0.

Since x>0x>0, this gives lnx=0\ln x=0, so x=1x=1. Hence the volume is

V=π1ex2(lnx)2dx.V=\pi\int_1^e x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x.

Integrating by parts with

u=(lnx)2,dv=x2dx,u=(\ln x)^2, \qquad \mathrm{d}v=x^2\,\mathrm{d}x,

gives

x2(lnx)2dx=x33(lnx)223x2lnxdx.\begin{align*} \int x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2\\ &\,-\frac23\int x^2\ln x\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Using the result from part (a),

x2(lnx)2dx=x33(lnx)223(x33lnxx39)+C=x33(lnx)22x39lnx+2x327+C.\begin{align*} \int x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2\\ &\,-\frac23\bigg( \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x-\frac{x^3}{9} \bigg)+C\\ =&\,\frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 -\frac{2x^3}{9}\ln x +\frac{2x^3}{27}+C. \end{align*}

Therefore,

V=π[x33(lnx)22x39lnx+2x327]1e=π[(e332e39+2e327)227]=π27(5e32).\begin{align*} V =&\,\pi\bigg[ \frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 -\frac{2x^3}{9}\ln x +\frac{2x^3}{27} \bigg]_1^e\\ =&\,\pi\bigg[ \bigg(\frac{e^3}{3}-\frac{2e^3}{9} +\frac{2e^3}{27}\bigg)-\frac{2}{27} \bigg]\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{\pi}{27}\big(5e^3-2\big)}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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官方替代路线把被积函数写成 lnx(x2lnx)\ln x\cdot(x^2\ln x),并直接把 (a) 的原函数当作分部积分中的 vv。这样同样能得到 x2(lnx)2dx\int x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x 的原函数。

答题过程

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From part (a), let

F(x)=x33lnxx39,F(x)=\frac{x^3}{3}\ln x-\frac{x^3}{9},

so that

F(x)=x2lnx.F'(x)=x^2\ln x.

Then, by integration by parts,

x2(lnx)2dx=lnxF(x)dx=F(x)lnxF(x)xdx=(x33lnxx39)lnx13x2lnxdx+19x2dx.\begin{align*} \int x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\int \ln x\,F'(x)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,F(x)\ln x -\int\frac{F(x)}{x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\bigg( \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x-\frac{x^3}{9} \bigg)\ln x\\ &\,-\frac13\int x^2\ln x\,\mathrm{d}x +\frac19\int x^2\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Using part (a) again,

x2(lnx)2dx=(x33lnxx39)lnx13(x33lnxx39)+x327+C=x33(lnx)22x39lnx+2x327+C.\begin{align*} \int x^2(\ln x)^2\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\bigg( \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x-\frac{x^3}{9} \bigg)\ln x\\ &\,-\frac13\bigg( \frac{x^3}{3}\ln x-\frac{x^3}{9} \bigg)+\frac{x^3}{27}+C\\ =&\,\frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 -\frac{2x^3}{9}\ln x +\frac{2x^3}{27}+C. \end{align*}

Therefore,

V=π[x33(lnx)22x39lnx+2x327]1e=π27(5e32).\begin{align*} V =&\,\pi\bigg[ \frac{x^3}{3}(\ln x)^2 -\frac{2x^3}{9}\ln x +\frac{2x^3}{27} \bigg]_1^e\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{\pi}{27}\big(5e^3-2\big)}. \end{align*}