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IAL 2022 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows the design of a doorknob.

The shape of the doorknob is formed by rotating the curve shown in Figure 4 through 360360^\circ about the xx-axis, where the units are centimetres.

The equation of the curve is given by

f(x)=14(4x)ex0x4\mathrm{f}(x)=\frac{1}{4}(4-x)e^x \qquad 0\leq x\leq 4

(a) Show that the volume, VV cm3^3, of the doorknob is given by

V=K04(x28x+16)e2xdxV=K\int_0^4 (x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\,dx

where KK is a constant to be found.

(3)

(b) Hence, find the exact value of the volume of the doorknob.

Give your answer in the form pπ(eq+r)p\pi(e^q+r) cm3^3 where pp, qq and rr are simplified rational numbers to be found.

(5)
题目中文翻译

图 3 给出了一个门把手的设计。

该门把手的形状由图 4 所示曲线绕 xx 轴旋转 360360^\circ 形成,其中单位为厘米。

该曲线的方程为

f(x)=14(4x)ex0x4\mathrm{f}(x)=\frac{1}{4}(4-x)e^x \qquad 0\leq x\leq 4

(a) 证明该门把手的体积 VV cm3^3 可表示为

V=K04(x28x+16)e2xdxV=K\int_0^4 (x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\,dx

其中 KK 为待求常数。

(b) 进而求该门把手体积的精确值。

将答案写成 pπ(eq+r)p\pi(e^q+r) cm3^3 的形式,其中 p,q,rp,q,r 为待求的最简有理数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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曲线绕 xx 轴旋转所得体积为 πy2dx\pi\int y^2\,\mathrm{d}x。将 f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) 平方,展开 (4x)2(4-x)^2,再与题目给出的积分比较即可确定 KK

答题过程

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The volume of the solid of revolution is

V=π04(f(x))2dx=π04(14(4x)ex)2dx=π1604(4x)2e2xdx=π1604(x28x+16)e2xdx.\begin{align*} V =&\,\pi\int_0^4\big(\mathrm{f}(x)\big)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\pi\int_0^4 \bigg(\frac14(4-x)e^x\bigg)^2 \,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac{\pi}{16}\int_0^4 (4-x)^2e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac{\pi}{16}\int_0^4 (x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Therefore,

K=π16.\boxed{K=\frac{\pi}{16}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),直接对二次多项式乘指数函数使用分部积分。第一次求导后降为一次式,第二次分部积分即可完成;最后代入 0,40,4 并乘上 K=π16K=\frac{\pi}{16}

答题过程

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Let

I=(x28x+16)e2xdx.I=\int(x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Integrating by parts gives

I=12(x28x+16)e2x12(2x8)e2xdx.\begin{align*} I =&\,\frac12(x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} -\frac12\int(2x-8)e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

For the remaining integral,

(2x8)e2xdx=12(2x8)e2xe2xdx=(x4)e2x12e2x.\begin{align*} \int(2x-8)e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac12(2x-8)e^{2x} -\int e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,(x-4)e^{2x}-\frac12e^{2x}. \end{align*}

Hence

I=12(x28x+16)e2x12(x4)e2x+14e2x.\begin{align*} I =&\,\frac12(x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} -\frac12(x-4)e^{2x}+\frac14e^{2x}. \end{align*}

Using the result from part (a),

V=π16[12(x28x+16)e2x12(x4)e2x+14e2x]04=π16(14e8414)=π64(e841) cm3.\begin{align*} V =&\,\frac{\pi}{16} \Bigg[ \frac12(x^2-8x+16)e^{2x}\\ &\,\hspace{16pt} -\frac12(x-4)e^{2x} +\frac14e^{2x} \Bigg]_0^4\\ =&\,\frac{\pi}{16} \bigg(\frac14e^8-\frac{41}{4}\bigg)\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{\pi}{64}(e^8-41)\text{ cm}^3}. \end{align*}

Thus p=164p=\frac1{64}, q=8q=8 and r=41r=-41.

解法二

思路

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注意到积分中的二次式就是 (4x)2(4-x)^2。保留这个结构作两次分部积分,求导会依次得到 2(4x)-2(4-x) 和常数,因此运算更短。

答题过程

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Since

x28x+16=(4x)2,x^2-8x+16=(4-x)^2,

let

J=(4x)2e2xdx.J=\int(4-x)^2e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Integrating by parts,

J=12(4x)2e2x+(4x)e2xdx.\begin{align*} J =&\,\frac12(4-x)^2e^{2x} +\int(4-x)e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

A second integration by parts gives

(4x)e2xdx=12(4x)e2x+12e2xdx=12(4x)e2x+14e2x.\begin{align*} \int(4-x)e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac12(4-x)e^{2x} +\frac12\int e^{2x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac12(4-x)e^{2x} +\frac14e^{2x}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

V=π16[12(4x)2e2x+12(4x)e2x+14e2x]04=π16(14e8414)=π64(e841) cm3.\begin{align*} V =&\,\frac{\pi}{16} \Bigg[ \frac12(4-x)^2e^{2x}\\ &\,\hspace{16pt} +\frac12(4-x)e^{2x} +\frac14e^{2x} \Bigg]_0^4\\ =&\,\frac{\pi}{16} \bigg(\frac14e^8-\frac{41}{4}\bigg)\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{\pi}{64}(e^8-41)\text{ cm}^3}. \end{align*}