题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation
y=(2x2+3)1.512x
The region R, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by the curve, the line with equation x=21, the x-axis and the line with equation x=k.
This region is rotated through 360∘ about the x-axis to form a solid of revolution.
Given that the volume of this solid is 648713π, use algebraic integration to find the exact value of the constant k.
(6)
题目中文翻译
本题中你必须写出解题过程的所有步骤。
完全依赖计算器技术的解法不被接受。
图 2 给出了部分曲线的示意图,其方程为
y=(2x2+3)1.512x
图 2 中阴影区域 R 由该曲线、直线 x=21、x 轴以及直线 x=k 围成。
该区域绕 x 轴旋转 360∘,形成一个旋转体。
已知该旋转体的体积为 648713π,用代数积分法求常数 k 的精确值。
(6)
解答
解法一
思路
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旋转体绕 x 轴生成,使用圆盘法 V=π∫y2dx。平方后,被积函数为 (2x2+3)3144x,分母内部的导数与分子成比例,可以直接积分。代入上下限并与已知体积相等,最后利用图中 k>0 选取正确的根。
答题过程
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The volume of the solid of revolution is
V=π∫21ky2dx.
Since
y2=(2x2+3)3144x,
we have
∫(2x2+3)3144xdx=−18(2x2+3)−2+C.
Let
F(x)=−(2x2+3)218.
Then
πV=F(k)−F(21)=−(2k2+3)218+4218=−(2k2+3)218+89.
Using the given volume,
−(2k2+3)218+89=648713.
Since 89=648729,
(2k2+3)218==64816812.
Hence
(2k2+3)2=729.
As 2k2+3>0,
2k2+3=k2=27,12.
The diagram shows that k is positive, so
k=23.
解法二:换元积分
思路
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令 u=2x2+3,则 du=4xdx,被积函数可化为 36u−3。定积分上下限也随之改为 4 和 2k2+3。积分后与已知体积比较,求出 k;求根时也可以先展开,再把关于 k2 的二次式因式分解。
答题过程
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The volume is
V=π∫21k(2x2+3)3144xdx.
Put u=2x2+3. Then
du144xdx=4xdx,=36du.
When x=21, u=4; when x=k, u=2k2+3. Therefore,
πV=36∫42k2+3u−3du=[−18u−2]42k2+3=89−(2k2+3)218.
Using V=648713π,
(2k2+3)218=89−648713=812.
Hence (2k2+3)2=729. Since 2k2+3 is positive,
2k2+3k2=27,=12.
Taking the positive root shown in the diagram gives
k=23.
Alternatively, expand the squared equation before solving:
4k4+12k2+9k4+3k2−180(k2−12)(k2+15)=729,=0,=0.
For real k, k2+15>0, so k2=12 and again k=23.