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P4 2022 Oct Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2022 Oct Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y=12x(2x2+3)1.5y=\frac{12\sqrt{x}}{(2x^2+3)^{1.5}}

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by the curve, the line with equation x=12x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, the xx-axis and the line with equation x=kx=k.

This region is rotated through 360∘360^\circ about the xx-axis to form a solid of revolution.

Given that the volume of this solid is 713648π\dfrac{713}{648}\pi, use algebraic integration to find the exact value of the constant kk.

(6)
题目中文翻译

本题中你必须写出解题过程的所有步骤。

完全依赖计算器技术的解法不被接受。

图 2 给出了部分曲线的示意图,其方程为

y=12x(2x2+3)1.5y=\frac{12\sqrt{x}}{(2x^2+3)^{1.5}}

图 2 中阴影区域 RR 由该曲线、直线 x=12x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}、xx 轴以及直线 x=kx=k 围成。

该区域绕 xx 轴旋转 360∘360^\circ,形成一个旋转体。

已知该旋转体的体积为 713648π\dfrac{713}{648}\pi,用代数积分法求常数 kk 的精确值。

(6)

解答

解法一

思路

展开

旋转体绕 xx 轴生成,使用圆盘法 V=π∫y2 dxV=\pi\int y^2\,\mathrm{d}x。平方后,被积函数为 144x(2x2+3)3\frac{144x}{(2x^2+3)^3},分母内部的导数与分子成比例,可以直接积分。代入上下限并与已知体积相等,最后利用图中 k>0k>0 选取正确的根。

答题过程

展开

The volume of the solid of revolution is

V=π∫12ky2 dx.V=\pi\int_{\frac{1}{\sqrt2}}^k y^2\,\mathrm{d}x.

Since

y2=144x(2x2+3)3,y^2=\frac{144x}{(2x^2+3)^3},

we have

∫144x(2x2+3)3 dx=−18(2x2+3)−2+C.\begin{align*} &\int\frac{144x}{(2x^2+3)^3}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &=-18(2x^2+3)^{-2}+C. \end{align*}

Let

F(x)=−18(2x2+3)2.F(x)=-\frac{18}{(2x^2+3)^2}.

Then

Vπ=F(k)−F(12)=−18(2k2+3)2+1842=−18(2k2+3)2+98.\begin{align*} \frac{V}{\pi} &=F(k)-F\bigg(\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\bigg)\\ &=-\frac{18}{(2k^2+3)^2}+\frac{18}{4^2}\\ &=-\frac{18}{(2k^2+3)^2}+\frac98. \end{align*}

Using the given volume,

−18(2k2+3)2+98=713648.-\frac{18}{(2k^2+3)^2} +\frac98 =\frac{713}{648}.

Since 98=729648\frac98=\frac{729}{648},

18(2k2+3)2= 16648= 281.\begin{align*} \frac{18}{(2k^2+3)^2} =&\,\frac{16}{648}\\ =&\,\frac{2}{81}. \end{align*}

Hence

(2k2+3)2=729.(2k^2+3)^2=729.

As 2k2+3>02k^2+3>0,

2k2+3= 27,k2= 12.\begin{align*} 2k^2+3=&\,27,\\ k^2=&\,12. \end{align*}

The diagram shows that kk is positive, so

k=23.\boxed{k=2\sqrt3}.

解法二:换元积分

思路

展开

令 u=2x2+3u=2x^2+3,则 du=4x dx\mathrm{d}u=4x\,\mathrm{d}x,被积函数可化为 36u−336u^{-3}。定积分上下限也随之改为 44 和 2k2+32k^2+3。积分后与已知体积比较,求出 kk;求根时也可以先展开,再把关于 k2k^2 的二次式因式分解。

答题过程

展开

The volume is

V=π∫12k144x(2x2+3)3 dx.V=\pi\int_{\frac{1}{\sqrt2}}^k \frac{144x}{(2x^2+3)^3}\,\mathrm{d}x.

Put u=2x2+3u=2x^2+3. Then

du=4x dx,144x dx=36 du.\begin{align*} \mathrm{d}u&=4x\,\mathrm{d}x,\\ 144x\,\mathrm{d}x&=36\,\mathrm{d}u. \end{align*}

When x=12x=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}, u=4u=4; when x=kx=k, u=2k2+3u=2k^2+3. Therefore,

Vπ=36∫42k2+3u−3 du=[−18u−2]42k2+3=98−18(2k2+3)2.\begin{align*} \frac{V}{\pi} &=36\int_4^{2k^2+3}u^{-3}\,\mathrm{d}u\\ &=\big[-18u^{-2}\big]_4^{2k^2+3}\\ &=\frac98-\frac{18}{(2k^2+3)^2}. \end{align*}

Using V=713648πV=\frac{713}{648}\pi,

18(2k2+3)2=98−713648=281.\begin{align*} \frac{18}{(2k^2+3)^2} &=\frac98-\frac{713}{648}\\ &=\frac{2}{81}. \end{align*}

Hence (2k2+3)2=729(2k^2+3)^2=729. Since 2k2+32k^2+3 is positive,

2k2+3=27,k2=12.\begin{align*} 2k^2+3&=27,\\ k^2&=12. \end{align*}

Taking the positive root shown in the diagram gives

k=23.\boxed{k=2\sqrt3}.

Alternatively, expand the squared equation before solving:

4k4+12k2+9=729,k4+3k2−180=0,(k2−12)(k2+15)=0.\begin{align*} 4k^4+12k^2+9&=729,\\ k^4+3k^2-180&=0,\\ (k^2-12)(k^2+15)&=0. \end{align*}

For real kk, k2+15>0k^2+15>0, so k2=12k^2=12 and again k=23k=2\sqrt3.