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IAL 2023 Jan Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

(a) Using the substitution u=2x+1u=\sqrt{2x+1}, show that

4128x+4e2x+1dx\int_4^{12}\sqrt{8x+4}\,e^{\sqrt{2x+1}}\,dx

may be expressed in the form

abku2eudu\int_a^b ku^2e^u\,du

where aa, bb and kk are constants to be found.

(4)

(b) Hence find, by algebraic integration, the exact value of

4128x+4e2x+1dx\int_4^{12}\sqrt{8x+4}\,e^{\sqrt{2x+1}}\,dx

giving your answer in simplest form.

(5)
题目中文翻译

(a) 令 u=2x+1u=\sqrt{2x+1},证明

4128x+4e2x+1dx\int_4^{12}\sqrt{8x+4}\,e^{\sqrt{2x+1}}\,dx

可写成

abku2eudu\int_a^b ku^2e^u\,du

的形式,其中 a,b,ka,b,k 为待求常数。

(b) 进而用代数积分法求

4128x+4e2x+1dx\int_4^{12}\sqrt{8x+4}\,e^{\sqrt{2x+1}}\,dx

的精确值,并将答案化为最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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u=2x+1u=\sqrt{2x+1} 得到 u2=2x+1u^2=2x+1dx=udu\mathrm{d}x=u\,\mathrm{d}u。同时 8x+4=2u\sqrt{8x+4}=2u,指数部分变成 eue^u。再把原积分的上下限一并换成 uu 的取值,即可得到指定形式。

答题过程

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Let

u=2x+1.u=\sqrt{2x+1}.

Then

u2=2x+1u^2=2x+1

and

2ududx=2,2u\frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x}=2,

so

dx=udu.\mathrm{d}x=u\,\mathrm{d}u.

Also,

8x+4=4(2x+1)=2u.\sqrt{8x+4} =\sqrt{4(2x+1)} =2u.

The limits become

x=4u=3x=4\Longrightarrow u=3

and

x=12u=5.x=12\Longrightarrow u=5.

Therefore,

4128x+4e2x+1dx=35(2u)eu(udu)=352u2eudu.\begin{align*} &\,\int_4^{12} \sqrt{8x+4}\,e^{\sqrt{2x+1}}\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\int_3^5 (2u)e^u(u\,\mathrm{d}u)\\ =&\,\int_3^5 2u^2e^u\,\mathrm{d}u. \end{align*}

Thus the required constants are

a=3,b=5,k=2.\boxed{a=3,\qquad b=5,\qquad k=2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),只需计算 352u2eudu\int_3^5 2u^2e^u\,\mathrm{d}u。连续使用两次分部积分,把 u2u^2 逐次降幂,得到完整原函数后再代入上下限。

答题过程

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From part (a),

I=352u2eudu.I=\int_3^5 2u^2e^u\,\mathrm{d}u.

Using integration by parts,

2u2eudu=2u2eu4ueudu=2u2eu4(ueueudu)=2u2eu4ueu+4eu.\begin{align*} \int 2u^2e^u\,\mathrm{d}u =&\,2u^2e^u-\int4ue^u\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,2u^2e^u -4\bigg(ue^u-\int e^u\,\mathrm{d}u\bigg)\\ =&\,2u^2e^u-4ue^u+4e^u. \end{align*}

Hence

I=[2u2eu4ueu+4eu]35=(50e520e5+4e5)(18e312e3+4e3)=34e510e3.\begin{align*} I =&\,\big[2u^2e^u-4ue^u+4e^u\big]_3^5\\ =&\,\big(50e^5-20e^5+4e^5\big)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} -\big(18e^3-12e^3+4e^3\big)\\ =&\,34e^5-10e^3. \end{align*}

Therefore, the exact value is

34e510e3.\boxed{34e^5-10e^3}.