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P4 2024 Jan Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

(a) Using the substitution u=4x+2sin⁡2xu=4x+2\sin 2x, or otherwise, show that

 ∫0π2e4x+2sin⁡2xcos⁡2x dx= 18(e2π−1).\begin{align*} &\,\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}e^{4x+2\sin2x}\cos^2x\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac18\big(e^{2\pi}-1\big). \end{align*}
(5)

The curve shown in Figure 3, has equation

y=6e2x+sin⁡2xcos⁡xy=6e^{2x+\sin 2x}\cos x

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by the positive xx-axis, the positive yy-axis and the curve.

The region RR is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis to form a solid.

(b) Use the answer to part (a) to find the volume of the solid formed, giving the answer in simplest form.

(3)
题目中文翻译

(a)使用代换 u=4x+2sin⁡2xu=4x+2\sin 2x,或用其他方法,证明

 ∫0π2e4x+2sin⁡2xcos⁡2x dx= 18(e2π−1).\begin{align*} &\,\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}e^{4x+2\sin2x}\cos^2x\,\mathrm{d}x\\ =&\,\frac18\big(e^{2\pi}-1\big). \end{align*}
(5)

图 3 所示曲线的方程为

y=6e2x+sin⁡2xcos⁡xy=6e^{2x+\sin 2x}\cos x

图 3 中阴影区域 RR 由正 xx 轴、正 yy 轴和该曲线围成。

将区域 RR 绕 xx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度得到一个立体。

(b)利用(a)的结果,求所形成立体的体积,并将答案写成最简形式。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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按指定代换求导,用 1+cos⁡2x=2cos⁡2x1+\cos2x=2\cos^2x 把微分与被积函数配好,再转换积分上下限。

答题过程

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Let

I=∫0π2e4x+2sin⁡2xcos⁡2x dx,I=\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} e^{4x+2\sin2x}\cos^2x\,\mathrm{d}x,

and use the given substitution

u=4x+2sin⁡2x.u=4x+2\sin2x.

Then

dudx= 4+4cos⁡2x= 4(1+cos⁡2x)= 8cos⁡2x.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,4+4\cos2x\\ =&\,4(1+\cos2x)\\ =&\,8\cos^2x. \end{align*}

Hence

cos⁡2x dx=18 du.\cos^2x\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac18\,\mathrm{d}u.

The new limits are

x=0⟹u=0,x=0\quad\Longrightarrow\quad u=0,

and

x=π2⟹u=2π.x=\frac{\pi}2\quad\Longrightarrow\quad u=2\pi.

Therefore

I= 18∫02πeu du= 18[eu]02π= 18(e2π−1).\begin{align*} I=&\,\frac18\int_0^{2\pi}e^u\,\mathrm{d}u\\ =&\,\frac18[e^u]_0^{2\pi}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac18(e^{2\pi}-1)}. \end{align*}

This is the required result.

解法二

思路

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用双角公式后,可直接识别指数函数的导数;这种方法可直接识别原函数,无须正式换元。

答题过程

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Use the double-angle identity

cos⁡2x=12(1+cos⁡2x).\cos^2x=\frac12(1+\cos2x).

Let v=4x+2sin⁡2xv=4x+2\sin2x. Then

dvdx=4(1+cos⁡2x).\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}=4(1+\cos2x).

By the chain rule,

ddx(ev)=4ev(1+cos⁡2x).\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(e^v) =4e^v(1+\cos2x).

Thus the integrand satisfies

evcos⁡2x=18ddx(ev).e^v\cos^2x =\frac18\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(e^v).

Consequently,

I=18[ev]0π2.I=\frac18[e^v]_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}.

At x=0x=0, v=0v=0; at x=π2x=\frac{\pi}2, v=2πv=2\pi. Therefore

I= 18e2π−18e0= 18(e2π−1).\begin{align*} I=&\,\frac18e^{2\pi}-\frac18e^0\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac18(e^{2\pi}-1)}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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圆盘法给出旋转体积。把 yy 平方后,被积函数正好是 (a) 中的常数倍,因此显式调用上一问的积分结果。

答题过程

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For rotation about the xx-axis,

V=π∫0π2y2 dx.V=\pi\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}y^2\,\mathrm{d}x.

Since

y=6e2x+sin⁡2xcos⁡x,y=6e^{2x+\sin2x}\cos x,

squaring gives

y2=36e4x+2sin⁡2xcos⁡2x.y^2=36e^{4x+2\sin2x}\cos^2x.

Hence V=36πIV=36\pi I, where II is the integral in part (a). Using its value,

V= 36π×18(e2π−1)= 9π2(e2π−1).\begin{align*} V=&\,36\pi\times\frac18(e^{2\pi}-1)\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{9\pi}2(e^{2\pi}-1)}. \end{align*}